Articles
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More than 200 results
Article
Fetal transverse cerebellar diameter
In obstetric imaging, the fetal transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD) is often measured as an additional fetal biometric parameter. It is measured as the maximal diameter between the cerebellar hemispheres on an axial scan. The value of the transverse cerebellar diameter in mm's is considered rou...
Article
Binocular distance
The binocular distance (BOD) is a measurement between the two lateral (outer) canthi of each eye. It is sometimes used as a accessory fetal biometric parameter where it is often documented on both 2nd trimester anatomy scans on axial brain scans. The largest diameter of the orbit should be used ...
Article
False umbilical cord knot
False umbilical cord knots are commonly formed variants in the anatomy of the umbilical cord. It basically represents an exaggerated looping of the umbilical cord vessels, causing focal dilatation of the umbilical cord vessels.
Radiographic features
Ultrasound
bulge or protuberance in the umb...
Article
Congenital talipes equinovarus
Congenital talipes equinovarus is considered the most common anomaly affecting the feet diagnosed on antenatal ultrasound.
Terminology
While some use talipes equinovarus and clubfoot synonymously, in certain publications, the term clubfoot is considered a more general descriptive term that des...
Article
Forked umbilical cord
Forked umbilical cord is a rare anomaly of the umbilical cord, which can be detected on an antenatal scan. The umbilical cord splits into two cords and contains three vessels in each of the bifurcated cords. This anomaly is seen associated with monochorionic twins.
Radiographic features
Ultras...
Article
Umbilical cord entanglement
Umbilical cord entanglement is a feature which can mean either one or more loops of the umbilical cord encircling any part of the fetal body or two umbilical cords becoming entangled with each other 3. In the latter situation, it is a classical feature of a monochorionic-monoamniotic twin pregna...
Article
T sign (obstetrics)
The T sign is really the absence of a twin peak sign (or lambda (λ) sign) and is used in ultrasound assessment of a multifetal pregnancy.
It refers to the lack of chorion extending between the layers of the intertwin membrane, denoting a monochorionic pregnancy. The intertwin membrane comes to ...
Article
T sign (disambiguation)
The T sign has been described in several different pathologies:
T sign (obstetrics)
T sign (elbow MRI)
upper T sign (brain)
lower T sign (brain)
See also
tau sign
Article
Cesarian scar endometriosis
Cesarian scar endometriosis can be located in the skin, subcutaneous tissue, rectus muscle/sheath, intraperitoneally, or in the uterine myometrium (within uterine scar).
Epidemiology
The reported incidence of abdominal scar endometriosis following cesarean section is 0.03-0.6% 6.
Clinical pre...
Article
Decidual reaction
A decidual reaction is a feature seen in very early pregnancy where there is thickening of the endometrium around the gestational sac, which is seen as an echogenic rim on ultrasound. A thin decidual reaction of <2 mm is considered one of the features suggestive of an anembryonic pregnancy 2. A ...
Article
Omphalopagus
Omphalopagus twins are joined at the front and at the level of the umbilicus.
Commonly involved structures are lower thorax fusion and liver fusion. Pericardium may be common, but the heart is never shared. Stomach and the proximal small intestines are usually separate but the small intestines ...
Article
Symphyseal fundal height
Symphyseal fundal height (SFH) is commonly used measurement practiced primarily used to detect fetal intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).
For fetuses after 24 weeks' gestation, it is measured using a tape as the distance
from
- the pubic symphysis (by identifying the upper border of the sy...
Article
Intrauterine growth restriction
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) or fetal growth restriction (FGR) is defined as an estimated fetal weight (EFW) and/or abdominal circumference (AC) at one point in time during pregnancy being below 3rd percentile or EFW and/or AC below the 10th percentile for gestational age with deranged...
Article
Fetal arteriovenous malformations
A fetal arteriovenous malformation (FAVM) is essentially an arteriovenous malformation that presenting in utero. They tend to be very different in location to those that commonly occur in children and adults.
They include
fetal intracranial arteriovenous malformations
vein of Galen malformati...
Article
Fetal abdominal circumference
Abdominal circumference (AC) is one of the basic biometric parameters used to assess fetal size. AC together with biparietal diameter, head circumference, and femur length are computed to produce an estimate of fetal weight. In the second trimester, this may be extrapolated to an estimate of ges...
Article
Cervical cerclage
Cervical cerclage is a treatment that is undertaken during pregnancy to reduce the chances of preterm labor. It involves the placement of a suture around the neck of the cervix. It aims to reduce the risk of preterm birth and provides mechanical support to keep the cervix closed 1,2.
Cervical c...
Article
Enhanced myometrial vascularity
Enhanced myometrial vascularity (EMV), often misdiagnosed as an acquired uterine arteriovenous malformation, is the presence of transiently increased blood flow within the uterine myometrium, typically associated with complications of pregnancy.
Terminology
Somewhat confusingly, the term “enh...
Article
Cleft lip and palate
Cleft lip and palate is one of the commonest neonatal facial anomalies. In ~80% of cases, the two features tend to occur together 6.
Epidemiology
It is estimated to occur with an incidence of ~1 in 700-1000 live births 1. This can increase to 4% for a sibling of a previously affected fetus and...
Article
Atelencephaly
Atelencephaly (also termed atelencephalic microcephaly) is a rare and extreme disorder with only a handful of published cases. In this anomaly, the derivatives of the telencephalon are absent or dysplastic, while more caudal structures are normal or mildly deformed. It falls under the aprosencep...
Article
Cervix
The cervix or uterine cervix is the lower constricted segment of the uterus providing the passage between the uterus proper and the vagina.
Gross anatomy
The cervix is somewhat conical in shape, with its truncated apex directed posteriorly and inferiorly. The inferior aspect of the cervix pro...
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