Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Portal vein thrombosis
Portal vein thrombosis may be seen in a variety of clinical contexts, and when acute can be a life-threatening condition. It is a major cause of non-cirrhotic presinusoidal portal hypertension. Portal vein thrombus may be either bland and/or malignant (i.e. tumor thrombus), and it is a critical ...
Article
Glenn shunt
The Glenn shunt, also known as Glenn procedure, is a palliative surgical procedure for a variety of cyanotic congenital heart diseases.
Rationale
In this procedure, the systemic venous return is re-directed to the pulmonary circulation, bypassing the right heart 1-3.
It can be used in a varie...
Article
Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return
Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR), also known as partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC), is a rare congenital cardiovascular condition in which some of the pulmonary veins, but not all, drain into the right heart or systemic venous system, rather than in the left a...
Article
Type II endoleak
A type II endoleak refers to an endoleak due to flow through open collateral arteries after an endovascular abdominal aortic repair (EVAR).
Epidemiology
They are the most common type of endoleak and may occur in 10-44% of patients having repairs and can comprise around half of all endoleaks 1...
Article
Elephant trunk repair
An elephant trunk repair is a type of open repair procedure devised to address combined aneurysms, it is often a two staged procedure wherein the arch repair is facilitated by sternotomy and a second staged procedure is performed via left thoracotomy for the descending or thoracoabdominal aorta....
Article
Aortoiliac occlusive disease
Aortoiliac occlusive disease, also known as Leriche syndrome, refers to complete occlusion of the aorta distal to the renal arteries.
Terminology
Originally the triad of erectile dysfunction, pelvis and thigh claudication, with an absence of the femoral pulses was described as Leriche syndrome...
Article
Polymyositis (pulmonary manifestations)
Lung involvement in polymyositis can have a number of manifestations including those resembling interstitial lung disease.
For a general discussion of polymyositis, please refer to the parent article.
Radiographic features
The lungs may present with a mixture of different fibrotic patterns, e...
Article
Hair on end sign (mnemonic)
The hair on end sign refers to a radiographic appearance of the diploic space of the skull vault which results from a thickening of trabeculae as the diploic space expands. These trabeculae are perpendicular in orientation, interspersed by radiolucent marrow hyperplasia along with skull vault.
...
Article
Transposition of the great arteries
Transposition of the great arteries (TGA), also known as transposition of the great vessels (TGV), is the most common cyanotic congenital cardiac anomaly presenting during the newborn period, with cyanosis in the first 24 hours of life.
It occurs as a result of ventriculoarterial discordance, w...
Article
Intravenous drug user
Intravenous drug users (IVDU) are people who inject non-medical and controlled medical drugs (and may have substance use disorder) for non-medical purposes. Frequently injected drugs include heroin, cocaine, prescription opioids and methamphetamine 6.
Terminology
More neutral terms such as pe...
Article
Branches of internal carotid artery (mnemonic)
Useful mnemonics to remember the branches of the internal carotid artery is:
A VIP'S COMMA
Calming Voices Make Intra-Operative Surgery Pleasurable And Almost Memorable
Carotid Vessels Mnemonic Instantly Offers Super Powers And Aids Memory
Mnemonics
A VIP'S COMMA
A: anterior choroidal arter...
Article
Subclavian vein stenosis
Subclavian vein stenosis refers to a narrowing of the subclavian vein.
Clinical presentation
Presentation can be variable ranging from being asymptomatic to having arm swelling, arm pain, paresthesia, neck pain and occipital headaches.
Pathology
Subclavian vein stenosis can arise from a numb...
Article
Mediastinal hemangioma
Mediastinal hemangioma is a location-specific subtype of a hemangioma.
Epidemiology
Their incidence accounts for less than 0.5% among all mediastinal masses 1.
Clinical presentation
Up to half of patients may be asymptomatic 1. Others may present with non-specific symptoms, such as cough, ch...
Article
Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries
Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries, also known as levo- or L-loop transposition (L-TGA), is a rare cardiovascular anomaly with inversion of the ventricles and great arteries. See the main article on transposition of the great arteries for discussion of the D-loop subtype....
Article
Subclavian vein
The subclavian veins are the major veins that drain the upper limbs.
Gross anatomy
Origin and course
The subclavian vein is the continuation of the axillary vein as it crosses the lateral border of the 1st rib. It then arches cephalad, posterior to the medial clavicle before curving caudally ...
Article
Cogan syndrome
Cogan syndrome is a rare vasculitis of young adults that is primarily characterized by 1,4,6:
inflammatory eye disease (classically interstitial keratitis) 6
audiovestibular dysfunction (similar to Meniere disease) 6
Epidemiology
Cogan syndrome is rare and can occur in people of any age and ...
Article
Tumors of blood vessels
Blood vessel derived tumors may arise from:
endothelial cells
hemangioma
lymphangioma
angiosarcoma
cells supporting or surrounding blood vessels
glomus tumor of finger
hemangiopericytoma
Most arise in the soft tissues or viscera. Primary tumors of the large vessels (eg. aorta, IVC) are ...
Article
Carotid space
The carotid space, the suprahyoid portion of which is also known as the poststyloid parapharyngeal space, is a deep compartment of the head and neck bound by the carotid sheath.
Terminology
The "carotid space" terminology was introduced by some radiologists to facilitate differential diagnosis...
Article
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
The anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) is one of three vessels that provides arterial blood supply to the cerebellum. It has a variable origin, course and supply, with up to 40% of specimens not having an identifiable standard AICA. The amount of tissue supplied by the AICA is variable (...
Article
Carotid bifurcation
The carotid bifurcation is the point at which the common carotid artery terminates. As it does so, it forms the internal and external carotid arteries which go on to supply the head and neck.
The height of the carotid bifurcation is noted to be highly variable in the literature. Most frequently...
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