616 results found
Article
Portal vein embolization
Portal vein embolization (PVE) is a technique used to selectively occlude the blood supply to one of the liver lobes, diverting portal blood flow to the other lobe, the future liver remnant (FLR).
This diversion will increase the size of the post-hepatectomy future liver remnant, which improves...
Article
Fibular hemimelia
Fibular hemimelia is a congenital lower limb anomaly characterized by partial or complete absence of the fibula and includes a spectrum ranging from mild fibular hypoplasia to complete fibular aplasia 1.
Epidemiology
Although rare in occurrence, it is the most common congenital absence of long...
Article
Inferior vena cava leiomyosarcoma
Inferior vena cava leiomyosarcomas are the most common type of retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma and most common primary malignancy of the inferior vena cava (IVC).
Epidemiology
Three-quarters of cases occur in women, usually aged 40-60 years 2.
Clinical presentation
When symptomatic, patients ...
Article
Spinnbarkeit
Spinnbarkeit is a property of viscoelastic fluids that describes their capacity to be drawn out into an unbroken strand 1. Synonymous terms include spinnability and fibrosity. Human bodily fluids that can exhibit a degree of spinnbarkeit include mucus (especially cervical mucus), saliva and syno...
Article
Facet joint injection
Facet (zygapophyseal) joint injections are performed primarily for the diagnosis and differentiation of facet syndrome and radicular pain syndrome, and are one of the spinal interventional procedures. They can be performed under fluoroscopic, or CT image guidance, and cervical, thoracic or most ...
Article
Adenocarcinoma in situ, minimally invasive adenocarcinoma and invasive adenocarcinoma of lung
Adenocarcinoma in situ, minimally invasive adenocarcinoma and invasive adenocarcinoma of the lung have replaced the now-defunct term bronchoalveolar carcinoma (BAC).
In 2011 the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) and several other societies jointly revised the classi...
Article
Infective endocarditis
Infective endocarditis is defined as infection of the endocardium. It commonly affects the valve leaflets and chordae tendineae, as well as prosthetic valves and implanted devices.
Epidemiology
Infective endocarditis has an estimated general prevalence of 3 to 9 cases per 100,000. Intravenous ...
Article
Salivary duct carcinoma
Salivary duct carcinomas are a subtype of primary salivary gland tumor. Salivary duct carcinomas show high rates of metastasis and recurrence.
Epidemiology
Salivary duct carcinomas represent 5-10% of salivary gland malignancies and can arise de novo or out of a pleomorphic adenoma 1,2. They t...
Article
Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation
Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA), is a heterogeneous group of rare genetic disorders characterized by accumulation of iron in the basal ganglia, which results in variable neurological disorders including extrapyramidal symptoms, neuropsychiatric and visual symptoms.
Numerou...
Article
Uterine artery embolization MRI (an approach)
Uterine artery embolization (UAE) is used as an alternative to hysterectomy in selected patients and MRI assessment is key in allowing not only pre-procedure assessment but also assessing post-procedural outcome.
For a general discussion of the underlying condition refer to the article on uteri...
Article
Thoracic spine protocol (MRI)
The MRI thoracic spine protocol encompasses a set of MRI sequences for the routine assessment of the thoracic spine.
Note: This article aims to frame a general concept of an MRI protocol for the assessment of the thoracic spine. An MR thoracic spine protocol might be combined with a cervical sp...
Article
Screening for breast cancer
Screening for breast cancer includes activities which test members of asymptomatic populations for breast cancer. Many advanced countries have breast screening programs. The most widely adopted method for breast cancer screening is mammography.
There are few areas in imaging fraught with more c...
Article
Twin pregnancy
Twin pregnancies are the most common multifetal pregnancies.
Epidemiology
Multifetal pregnancies account for ~1% of all pregnancies but are seen in much higher numbers in populations where in vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a common practice.
Classification
A twin pregnancy can be broadly cate...
Article
Deep inferior epigastric perforator flap reconstruction
Deep inferior epigastric perforator flap (DIEP) reconstruction is a type of breast reconstruction surgery. It essentially involves the transfer of the patient's own skin and subcutaneous tissues from the lower abdominal wall to the chest to form the breast mound.
Advantages
The operation spare...
Article
Mitral valve repair
Mitral valve repair or mitral valvuloplasty is a surgical method for treatment of a deficient mitral valve, which comprises removal of redundant valvular tissue and fixation of ruptured/elongated chordae tendineae rather than the whole replacement of the valve.
History and etymology
The first ...
Article
Osteoarthritis of the hip
Osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip is the most common form of joint disorder of the hip, affecting primarily the articular cartilage of the hip joint and the surrounding tissues.
Epidemiology
The hip is the third most common joint affected by osteoarthritis after the knee and the hand 1. Women are...
Article
Lymph node levels of the neck
The lymph nodes in the neck have historically been divided into at least six anatomic neck lymph node levels for the purpose of head and neck cancer staging and therapy planning. Differing definitions exist across specialties 1-4. The following is a synthesis of radiologically useful boundaries ...
Article
Ulcer (soft tissue)
An ulcer refers to the break in the skin, epithelium, or mucous membrane resulting in the discontinuity in the surface tissue, necrosis, and often pus formation 1.
Risk factors
immunocompromised (e.g. diabetics) 1
immobile patients 1,2
advanced age 2
poor nutrition 2
increased moisture 2
...
Article
Chronic ankle instability
Chronic ankle instability refers to an unstable ankle joint due to repetitive occasions of ankle instability with concomitant symptoms persisting for longer than one year after an initial ankle injury.
Epidemiology
Ankle injuries are common and not only in the context of sports injuries 1-4. T...
Article
Cerebral abscess (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Cerebral abscesses represent focal areas of infection within brain parenchyma, usually containing pus and having a thick capsule. They typically have enhancing walls and can mimic a number of other significant pathologies.
...
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