Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Submandibular ganglion
The submandibular ganglion is one of four parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck. It receives parasympathetic fibers from the facial nerve.
Gross anatomy
small ganglion suspended from the undersurface of the lingual nerve
inferior to submandibular duct sitting on the hyoglossus muscle
...
Article
Pterygopalatine ganglion
The pterygopalatine ganglion (also known as the nasal ganglion, or sphenopalatine ganglion) is one of four parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck and largest of the peripheral parasympathetic ganglia. It receives parasympathetic fibers from the facial nerve.
Gross anatomy
ganglion locate...
Article
Parietal foramen
The parietal foramina are inconstant foramina on each side of the posterior aspect of the parietal bone near the sagittal suture and represent a normal anatomic variant. They transmit emissary veins, draining to the superior sagittal sinus, and occasionally a branch of the occipital artery. The ...
Article
Uterine duplication anomalies
Uterine duplication anomalies are a group of Müllerian duct anomalies where fusion of the Müllerian duct associated structures fail to some degree:
uterus didelphys: class III
bicornuate uterus: class IV (second commonest duplication anomaly)
septate uterus: class V (commonest duplication ano...
Article
Popliteal lymph nodes
The popliteal lymph nodes (often shortened to the popliteal nodes) are deep lymph nodes within the popliteal fossa of the knee, in close proximity to the popliteal vessels.
Most individuals have between two to nine popliteal lymph nodes, which form a small cluster, in close proximity to the ner...
Article
Lymphatic drainage of the breast
Lymphatic drainage of breast originates from breast lobules and flows through intramammary nodes and channels into a subareolar plexus, called Sappey’s plexus. From this plexus, lymphatic drainage takes place through three main routes that parallel venous tributaries. Lymphatics from the left br...
Article
Brown adipose tissue
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) (also known as brown fat) is one of two types of adipose tissue (the other one being white fat) important for producing thermal energy (heat, non-shivering thermogenesis), especially in the newborn. It constitutes ~5% of body mass in the newborn and tends to reduce mar...
Article
Wernicke's area
Wernicke's area (Brodmann area 22) is an area of the posterior temporal lobe in the dominant hemisphere concerned with the receptive components of speech.
Gross anatomy
Wernicke's area is located in the superior temporal gyrus, posterior to the posterior commissure line.
Relations
It is boun...
Article
Frontal lobe
The frontal lobe is by far the largest of the four lobes of the cerebrum (other lobes: parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe), and is responsible for many of the functions which produce voluntary and purposeful action.
Gross anatomy
The frontal lobe is the largest lobe accounting fo...
Article
Perilabral sulcus
The perilabral sulcus is a physiological space between the acetabular labrum and capsule of the hip joint, which inserts next to the base of the labrum and is therefore intra-articular.
Superiorly the capsule's attachment is displaced from the labrum by a few millimeters and thus the sulcus is ...
Article
Heterotaxy syndrome
Heterotaxy syndromes refer to abnormal left/right distribution of thoracic and abdominal organs that is neither situs solitus nor situs inversus. They are frequently associated with congenital heart disease and other visceral abnormalities.
Terminology
Isomerism implies mirrored organs, and ca...
Article
Pituitary fossa
The pituitary (hypophyseal) fossa or sella turcica is a midline, dural lined structure in the sphenoid bone, which houses the pituitary gland.
Gross anatomy
The anterior, inferior and posterior walls are bony, while the lateral walls and roof are formed by dural slings between the anterior and...
Article
Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle (hand)
The flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle of the hand lies lateral to the abductor digiti minimi, within the hypothenar eminence, and is one of the intrinsic muscles of the hand.
Summary
origin: hook of the hamate and flexor retinaculum
insertion: proximal phalanx of 5th digit
action: flexes 5t...
Article
Axillary nerve
The axillary nerve is one of five terminal branches of the brachial plexus, supplying motor and sensory branches to the shoulder.
Summary
origin: posterior cord of the brachial plexus
course: passes out of axilla through the quadrangular space to the upper arm
major branches: superior later...
Article
Musculocutaneous nerve
The musculocutaneous nerve is one of five major branches of the brachial plexus and supplies motor innervation to the arm and sensory innervation to the forearm.
Gross anatomy
Origin
The musculocutaneous nerve is one of two terminal branches of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus (along w...
Article
Talar tilt
Talar tilt is a measurement of the angle between the talus and the distal tibia, used in the assessment of ankle instability and ankle osteoarthritis (OA).
Usage
Talar tilt is an important measurement in the assessment of ankle osteoarthritis. It is measured as part of the Kellgren and Lawrenc...
Article
Prussak space
Prussak space is a subcomponent of the lateral epitympanic space and extends from the level of the scutum to the umbo. This space is best demonstrated on the oblique coronal image.
Gross anatomy
Boundaries
lateral: pars flaccida of the tympanic membrane and the scutum
medial: neck of the ma...
Article
Ejaculatory pathway of sperm (mnemonic)
A useful mnemonic to remember the ejaculatory pathway of sperm is:
SEVEN UP
Mnemonic
S: seminiferous tubules of the testes
E: epididymis
V: ductus deferens
E: ejaculatory duct
N: nothing
U: urethra
P: penis
Article
Bronchial artery
The bronchial arteries are the major supply of high-pressure oxygenated blood to the supporting structures of the lung, including the pulmonary arteries, but contribute only 1% of total lung blood flow. Blood in the bronchial circulation does not take part in gas exchange unless there is patholo...
Article
Tarsal bones
The tarsal bones are the seven bones of the foot excluding the metatarsals and phalanges. They are collectively known as the tarsus. The seven bones are:
talus
calcaneus
navicular
cuboid
lateral cuneiform
intermediate cuneiform
medial cuneiform
There are several mnemonics for the tarsals.
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