Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Double lumen cannula for VV ECMO
The double lumen cannula enables veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) to patients with severe respiratory failure. It is often used as a bridge to lung transplant.
The cannulation is usually performed via the right jugular vein. This position allows the patients to stay aw...
Article
Billowing phenomenon
Billowing phenomenon refers to the presence of contrast medium on contrast-enhanced CT outside of graft metal struts, due to the specific construction characteristic typical of the AFX® stent-graft (Endologix, Inc., USA), designed to treat abdominal aortic aneurysms. It has a unique internal sca...
Article
Intercostal catheter
Intercostal catheters (ICC), or informally chest tubes, are inserted into the pleural space to drain fluid and/or air. They typically refer to large-bore (10-14 Fr) drains placed under direct vision rather than percutaneous pigtail catheters (6-8 Fr) placed under image guidance.
Indication
Th...
Article
TIPS evaluation
TIPS evaluation is useful to ensure that a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is working properly and that no stenosis has occurred within the stent. Ultrasound is often used as a first-line modality.
Radiographic features
Ultrasound
The normal TIPS should show color Doppler...
Article
Splenic artery embolization
Splenic artery embolization is an endovascular technique for treatment of splenic and splenic artery pathology as an alternative to splenic artery ligation or splenectomy. It often results in successfully treating the underlying pathology, while maintaining at least partial splenic function.
I...
Article
Pericapsular nerve group block (ultrasound-guided)
Pericapsular nerve group (PENG) blocks are one approach for delivering anesthesia to the hip joint. It is most commonly used in patients with fractures of the hip and bony pelvis 1.
Indications
acetabular fractures 5
pubic rami fractures
proximal femoral fractures
intertrochanteric fractur...
Article
Liver biopsy (percutaneous)
Percutaneous liver biopsy, utilizing either ultrasound or CT guidance, allows for an accurate and reliable method of acquiring hepatic tissue for histopathological assessment. It is divided into two types:
non-focal or non-targeted liver biopsy (used in the assessment and staging of the parench...
Article
Inferior vena cava filter
Inferior vena cava filter, or just IVC filter, is an endovascular device that is typically placed in the infrarenal inferior vena cava (IVC) to prevent pulmonary embolism in selected patients. This procedure is most often performed by interventional radiologists under fluoroscopic guidance.
Ind...
Article
Woggle technique (interventional procedure)
The Woggle technique is the purse-string suture modified using to close a puncture site after a percutaneous procedure.
Techniques common to all procedure include:
a purse-string suture is done around the introducer sheath (the short plastic tube placed within a vein or artery)
cut the needle...
Article
Needle gauge system
The needle gauge system, often called just the Gauge or G, is an internationally-used scale for sizing needles. It was adopted from pre-existing gauges which were used in industry to size metal wire.
In contradistinction to the French scale, the other well-known sizing system, which is a metric...
Article
Esophageal varix
Esophageal varices describe dilated submucosal veins of the esophagus, and are an important portosystemic collateral pathway. They are considered distinct from gastric varices, which are less common.
Epidemiology
Esophageal varices are present in ~50% of patients with portal hypertension 1,2. ...
Article
EUS-guided biliary drainage
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided biliary drainage is an alternative to conventional transpapillary and percutaneous biliary drainage in where an extra-anatomic route is created between the biliary tree and the gastrointestinal tract.
Indications
failed endoscopic transpapillary biliary drai...
Article
Infusothorax
Infusothorax (plural: infusothoraces), also known as a chemothorax, is a complication of central venous catheter malposition where the catheter tip is located in the pleural space and the infusion of the fluid collects inadvertently in the pleural space in the form of a pleural effusion. Longer ...
Article
Endovascular arteriovenous fistula creation
Endovascular arteriovenous fistula creation is a minimally invasive alternative for the creation of arteriovenous fistulae for haemodialysis access.
Technique
Catheter-based technology and image guidance in the form of ultrasound and fluoroscopy is utilized create a side-to-side anastomosis be...
Article
Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids are drugs/medications widely used in several areas of medicine. They are also known as glucocorticoids, cortisone and colloquially steroids (note: do not mix up with anabolic steroids).
They are synthetic analogs of naturally occurring endogenous steroids produced by the adrenal...
Article
Patient safety checklist (interventional radiology)
Patient safety has been defined as the absence of preventable harm to a patient during the process of healthcare. Patient safety checklists have been developed by interventional radiologists to govern patient safety and they are useful for the practitioner to keep in mind to ensure every patient...
Article
Buried bumper syndrome
Buried bumper syndrome is a rare but important complication in patients with a percutaneous gastrostomy (PEG) tube, occurring by migration of the internal bumper along its track. The tube may get lodged anywhere between the gastric wall and the skin and lead to life-threatening complications tha...
Article
Endovascular clot retrieval (ECR)
Endovascular clot retrieval (ECR), also known as mechanical thrombectomy (MT) or endovascular thrombectomy (EVT), is increasingly performed in patients presenting with large vessel occlusion (LVO), especially those with a large ischemic penumbra that is likely to progress to ischemic stroke. To ...
Article
Interventional procedure article structure
Interventional procedure articles necessarily require a different structure to other articles. It is important for them to have a consistent structure to maintain uniformity across the site. The suggested structure and headings (and heading size) are as follows:
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Article
Fractional flow reserve
Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is a technique to evaluate the hemodynamic relevance of coronary artery stenoses 1,2. It is defined as "the ratio of maximal flow achievable in the stenotic coronary artery to the maximal flow achievable in the same coronary artery if it was normal" 1.
Fractional f...
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