Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Passive hepatic congestion
Passive hepatic congestion, also known as congested liver in cardiac disease, describes the stasis of blood in the hepatic parenchyma, due to impaired hepatic venous drainage, which leads to the dilation of central hepatic veins and hepatomegaly.
Passive hepatic congestion is a well-studied re...
Article
Bicuspid aortic valve
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) refers to a spectrum of deformed aortic valves with two functional leaflets or cusps which are often unequal in size.
They are most often congenital while an acquired bicuspid valve occurs when there is fibrous fusion between the right and left cusps of a pre-existin...
Article
Quadricuspid aortic valve
Quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) is a rare cardiac valvular anomaly where the aortic valve has four cusps, instead of the usual three.
Epidemiology
The estimated incidence on necropsy at ~1 in 8,000. While the incidence of QAV on 2D echocardiography has been reported to range between 0.01-0.04%...
Article
Aortic valve prolapse
Aortic valve prolapse refers to the improper closure of aortic valve leaflets. Aortic valve prolapse can result in aortic regurgitation, aortic root dilatation, and eccentric remodeling of the left ventricle.
Pathology
Etiology
pulmonary atresia
rheumatic aortic valve disease
bicuspid ao...
Article
Thallium-201 scintigraphy
Thallium-201 (Tl-201) is a radiopharmaceutical used for scintigraphy, primarily of the myocardium. The element thallium is treated by the body as an analog of potassium; it is produced in a cyclotron by bombarding thallium-203 with protons.
Characteristics
thallium is a monovalent cation
usua...
Article
Aortic arch view (fetal echocardiogram)
An aortic arch view is one of the additional views performed on fetal obstetric ultrasound - fetal echocardiography. It is an oblique sagittal view which is obtained similar to a left anterior oblique angiogram or the sagittal arch view obtained in CT arteriography. The isthmus, after the origin...
Article
Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome
Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (IHES) is a leukoproliferative disorder and refers to a situation when there is an unexplained prolonged eosinophilia with associated organ system dysfunction.
Pathology
Individuals have prolonged raised total leukocyte counts with raised eosinophil count...
Article
Napkin-ring sign (heart)
The napkin-ring sign is a feature of high-risk coronary artery atherosclerotic plaque on CT coronary angiogram (coronary CTA). It has been shown to possess a high predictive value in predicting future cardiac events and is considered one of the imaging correlates of an unstable plaque. It is one...
Article
Left anterior descending artery
The left anterior descending (LAD) artery, also known as the anterior interventricular branch, is one of the two branches of the left coronary artery (the other branch being the circumflex (Cx) artery).
Terminology
The left anterior descending artery is often given the sobriquet, the widow-mak...
Article
Williams syndrome
Williams syndrome (WS), sometimes called Williams-Beuren syndrome, is characterized by some or all of the following features:
craniofacial dysmorphism (e.g. elfin facies)
oral abnormalities
short stature (50% of cases)
mild to moderate intellectual disability
supravalvular aortic stenosis ...
Article
Implantable loop recorder
Implantable loop recorders, also known as insertable cardiac monitors, are small insertable devices that continuously monitor and record cardiac rhythms. They are placed subcutaneously and used for the evaluation of patients with recurrent unexplained episodes of palpitations or syncope.
Patien...
Article
Acute abdominal pain
Acute abdominal pain is a common acute presentation in clinical practice. It encompasses a very broad range of possible etiologies and diagnoses, and imaging is routinely employed as the primary investigative tool in its modern management.
Terminology
A subgroup of patients with acute abdomina...
Article
Coronary MR angiography
Coronary MR angiography (coronary MRA) is a developing approach to imaging the coronary arteries.
Advantages of coronary MRA include avoidance of the intravenous iodinated contrast and ionizing radiation used in coronary CT angiography and conventional angiography.
A disadvantage of coronary M...
Article
Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion
Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) also known as tricuspid annular motion refers to the displacement of the tricuspid valvular plane in the z-direction, reflects right ventricular longitudinal contraction or shortening.
Usage
Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion can be me...
Article
Systemic hypotension
Systemic hypotension - or often just - hypotension - is the presence of an abnormally low blood pressure. This may be relative, so that a poorly-controlled hypertensive patient who runs a normal blood pressure at 160/100, may be severely hypotensive at 80/60.
Hypotension is usually defined with...
Article
Rhabdomyoma
Rhabdomyomas are rare benign mesenchymal tumors that can be classified as:
cardiac rhabdomyoma
extracardiac (non-cardiac) rhabdomyoma
adult rhabdomyoma
fetal rhabdomyoma
genital rhabdomyoma
Article
Glycogen storage disease type II
Glycogen storage disease type II, also known as Pompe disease or acid maltase deficiency disease, is an inherited lysosomal storage disorder characterized by abnormal glycogen accumulation within lysosomes. It is a multisystem disorder involving the heart, skeletal muscle and liver. It is caused...
Article
Diastolic pseudogating
Diastolic pseudogating appears as periodic bright and dark signal in arteries such as the aorta as one progresses through a series of images. Synchronisation of the cardiac cycle and the pulse sequence results in high signal in the artery during diastole when blood is relatively stationary and l...
Article
Right atrial line
The right atrial (RA) line monitors RA pressure and is indicative of right ventricular function, preload and afterload. The RA line enters the right atrium through the right atrial appendage, and always exits the right side of the chest medial to the left atrial line. It is typically a double lu...
Article
New onset atrial fibrillation causes (mnemonic)
A mnemonic to remember the commonest causes of new onset atrial fibrillation is:
PIRATES
Mnemonic
P: pulmonary
I: ischemic
R: rheumatic
A: atrial myxoma
T: thyroid
E: embolism
S: sepsis
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