Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Callosomarginal artery
The callosomarginal artery, also known as median artery of corpus callosum, is the largest branch of the pericallosal artery. It courses within or posterior to the cingulate sulcus, in parallel orientation to the pericallosal artery. It divides to give two or more cortical branches to supply the...
Article
Basilar artery fenestration
Basilar artery fenestration (or more simply, basilar fenestration) is the most common intracranial arterial fenestration and most common congenital anomaly of the basilar artery. This anatomic variant is characterized by duplication of a portion of the artery that are connected proximally and di...
Article
Pericardiophrenic artery
The pericardiophrenic artery, also known as the pericardiacophrenic artery, is a branch of the internal thoracic artery that runs to the diaphragm where it anastomoses with both the musculophrenic and superior phrenic arteries. It runs with the phrenic nerve and pericardiophrenic vein between th...
Article
Hamate
The hamate is one of the carpal bones, forms part of the distal carpal row and has a characteristic hook on its volar surface.
Gross anatomy
Osteology
The hamate has a wedge-shaped body. It bears an uncinate (unciform) hamulus (hook of hamate) which projects in a volar fashion from the distal...
Article
Fossa of Rosenmüller
The fossa of Rosenmüller, also known as the posterolateral pharyngeal recess, is the most common site of origin for nasopharyngeal carcinoma 5.
Gross anatomy
It is located superior and posterior to the torus tubarius (the posterior projection of the cartilaginous portion of the Eustachian tube...
Article
Perforating veins of the lower limb
The perforating veins of the lower limb (PV or “perforators”) are so called because they perforate the deep fascia of muscles, to connect the superficial venous systems of the lower extremity with the deep veins where they drain. There are numerous veins in variable arrangement, connection, size...
Article
Subclavian artery branches (mnemonic)
Helpful mnemonics to remember the branches of the subclavian artery include:
Very Indignant Tired Individuals Sip Tasty Almond Coffee Served Double Daily
VIT C, D (as in vitamins C and D)
Mnemonics
Very Indignant Tired Individuals Sip Tasty Almond Coffee Served Double Daily
V: vertebral art...
Article
Tibioperoneal trunk
The tibioperoneal or TP trunk, occasionally referred to as the tibiofibular trunk, is the direct continuation of the popliteal artery in the posterior upper leg after the anterior tibial artery origin. It is a short trunk that bifurcates into two terminal branches.
Summary
origin: continuatio...
Article
Spleen
The spleen is an organ of the hematological system and has a role in immune response, storage of red blood cells and hematopoiesis.
Gross anatomy
The spleen is a wedge-shaped organ lying mainly in the left upper quadrant (left hypochondrium and partly in the epigastrium) and is protected by th...
Article
Renal sinus
The renal sinus is a fat-filled compartment of the kidney.
Gross anatomy
The renal sinus is a fatty compartment located within the medial aspect of the kidney. It communicates with the perinephric space. It contains the renal hilum and is bordered by renal parenchyma laterally.
Contents
ren...
Article
Infraspinatus muscle
The Infraspinatus muscle is one of the four muscles that make up the rotator cuff, the others being: supraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis.
origin: infraspinous fossa of the scapula
insertion: middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus
innervation: suprascapular nerve (C5-6)
...
Article
Facial nucleus
The facial nucleus or facial motor nucleus is the efferent nucleus of the facial nerve.
Gross Anatomy
The nucleus is located in the caudal lower aspect of the pontine tegmentum at the level of the middle cerebellar peduncles. It lies dorsal to the medial lemniscus and ventral and medial to the...
Article
Inferior hypophyseal artery
The inferior hypophyseal artery is a branch from the meningohypophyseal trunk, a branch of the C4 segment of the internal carotid artery. It is usually single on each side and divides into superior and inferior branches, anastomoses with its counterparts from the opposite, contributing to the in...
Article
Aortic hiatus
The aortic hiatus is one of the three major apertures through the diaphragm and lies at the level of T12. Strictly speaking, it is not a real aperture in the diaphragm, but an osseoaponeurotic opening between it and the vertebral column.
The hiatus is situated slightly to the left of the midli...
Article
Motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
The motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve is the only motor nucleus of the four main trigeminal nerve nuclei.
Gross anatomy
The motor nucleus is a paired structure located within the mid-to-upper pons (tegmentum). It lies anteromedial to the main sensory nucleus and adjacent to the lateral asp...
Article
Extensor retinaculum (foot)
The extensor retinaculum of the foot is the broad ligamentous sheet located at the dorsal aspect of the foot and consists of the superior and inferior extensor retinacula.
Gross anatomy
The superior extensor retinaculum is located proximally to the dorsal aspect of the ankle joint and houses ...
Article
Meandering main pancreatic duct
Meandering main pancreatic duct (MMPD) denotes a main pancreatic duct that drains normally into the major papilla but performs a hairpin turn (reverse Z-type) or loop (loop-type) in the pancreatic head, in contradistinction to the smooth curvature seen in most cases.
These ductal variants are f...
Article
Hypoglossal nerve
The hypoglossal nerve is the twelfth cranial nerve (CN XII) (TA: nervus hypoglossus or nervus cranialis XII). It arises from the medulla and passes through the hypoglossal canal to the neck, where it travels to the sublingual space to supply somatic motor innervation to all of the intrinsic and ...
Article
Petrous apex
The petrous apex is the pyramid-shaped anteromedial part of the petrous part of the temporal bone. It is oriented obliquely in the skull base and articulates with the posterior aspect of the greater wing of the sphenoid and occipital bones.
The lateral boundary is the inner ear, medially the pe...
Article
Concha bullosa
Concha bullosa (plural: conchae bullosae) (also known as middle turbinate pneumatization) is a common finding and although associated with deviation of the nasal septum, it is usually of little clinical importance.
Epidemiology
Concha bullosa is a normal variant and is one of the most common v...
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