Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Computed bone maturity (bone age) measurement
Computed bone age measurement refers to the automatic computer analysis of a left hand radiograph in order to estimate accurately bone age in cases of suspected growth delay.
Function
Advanced digital processing of data from automatic computer analysis of the phalangeal/carpal bones and/or ep...
Article
Shoulder (Velpeau view)
The Velpeau view of the glenohumeral joint is a modified axial projection performed in the context of shoulder immobilization.
Indications
This projection is performed on patients with a shoulder sling (Velpeau bandage) in place, often in the context of post-operative or a post-reduction prese...
Article
Air gap technique
The air gap technique is a radiographic technique that improves image contrast resolution through reducing the amount of scattered radiation that reaches the image detector. In select situations, this technique can be used instead of an antiscatter grid as the primary scatter reduction method in...
Article
Shoulder (Garth view)
The apical oblique projection or the Garth view of the shoulder is the tangential projection of the shoulder used in trauma 4.
Indications
The view is best for evaluating the glenohumeral joint for dislocations and trauma to the glenoid of the scapula; this projection can be used as a replacem...
Article
Pelvis radiograph (pediatric)
The radiography of the pelvis in the pediatric patient varies greatly from the adult examination; particularly as specialized techniques are often required to immobilize the patient. To avoid future mobility and pain complications, it is essential to treat fractures and correct developmental pat...
Article
Systematic radiographic technical evaluation (mnemonic)
Systematic radiographic technical evaluation is an important aspect to evaluative, effective radiography. It is the process of assessing a radiographic image to ensure it meets a high level of diagnostic standard. Two mnemonics are commonly used when assessing a radiographic image:
PACEMAN
IMA...
Article
Chest (PA view)
The posteroanterior (PA) chest view examines the lungs, bony thoracic cavity, mediastinum and great vessels.
Indications
The chest x-ray is the most common radiological investigation in the emergency department 1. The PA view is frequently used to aid in diagnosing a range of acute and chronic...
Article
CT abdomen (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
CT abdomen is an increasingly common investigation that is used to help make diagnoses of a broad range of pathologies. A CT abdomen in its simplest form is a CT from diaphragm to symphysis pubis performed 60 seconds after ...
Article
K-absorption edge
The K-absorption edge (K-edge) refers to the abrupt increase in the photoelectric absorption of x-ray photons observed at an energy level just beyond the binding energy of the k-shell electrons of the absorbing atom.
K-shell binding energies are specific to each element. As the atomic number (Z...
Article
Pediatric abdomen (supine cross-table lateral view)
The supine cross-table lateral view is an additional projection to demonstrate the pediatric abdomen. As radiation dose is an important consideration for pediatric imaging, the horizontal beam lateral view is not often performed; although this will vary based on the department.
Indications
Thi...
Article
Centrifugal (inside-out) enhancement of liver hemangioma
Centrifugal (inside-out) enhancement of liver hemangioma are a type of atypical hepatic hemangioma, which due to its imaging features, often raises the concern of a malignant process rather than a benign one.
Epidemiology
Centrifugal (inside-out) enhancement of liver hemangiomas are a relativ...
Article
Pediatric immobilization
Pediatric immobilization relates to techniques used to keep children still for medical imaging examinations. Since radiation dose can affect children up to ten times more than adults 1, it is important to keep the radiation dose to a minimum. One method of achieving this is by avoiding repeat im...
Article
Sternum (lateral view)
The lateral sternum view a radiographic investigation of the entire length of the sternum in profile. The view is used to query fractures or infection 1.
Indication
This view is invariably undertaken for one of two reasons, to assess for a fracture or metastasis. It may also rarely be perform...
Article
Noise power spectrum
The noise power spectrum (NPS), also known as the power spectral density, of a signal, is the Fourier transform of the noise autocorrelation. It gives the intensity of noise as a function of spatial frequency. It is used in all the main radiological modalities, most commonly x-ray-based, i.e. ra...
Article
Shunt series
The shunt series is a set of radiographic images performed to assess the location and integrity of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt.
Indications
Departmental protocols will vary but the overall goal is to image the shunt in its entirety to assess for mechanical causes of shunt failure 1,2. The sh...
Article
Neonatal abdominal radiograph (supine view)
AP supine radiograph for neonates is a mobile examination performed on the neonatal unit. It can be taken as a standalone projection or as part of a series including a left lateral decubitus x-ray in cases of suspected perforation.
Patient position
the patient is supine, lying on their back i...
Article
World Radiography Day
World Radiography Day (WRD) is an annual event held on 8 November to celebrate the anniversary of the discovery of x-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen, on 8 November 1895, and is organized by the International Society of Radiographers and Radiological Technologists (ISRRT) 1.
World Radiography Day occur...
Article
En face
En face (pronounced /ɒ̃ ˈfas/) is a term used in radiology, mainly in plain radiography, to refer to structures or pathology that are seen front on.
Article
Pediatric abdomen (prone cross-table lateral view)
The prone cross-table lateral view is an additional projection to demonstrate the pediatric abdomen and is a more ideal alternative to the invertogram, which may be less comfortable for the patient. This discomfort may result in a continuously crying baby, causing the puborectalis sling to contr...
Article
Abdomen (oblique view)
An AP oblique supine radiograph is a projection often used in barium studies and foreign body localization.
Indications
This view is normally performed when localizing foreign bodies or lines within the abdominal cavity. Additionally, the oblique abdominal series can be utilized in the assessm...
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