Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Lipomatous metaplasia of the myocardium
Lipomatous metaplasia of the myocardium is a phenomenon where there is fat deposition within the myocardium. It is often seen following a myocardial infarction but can also rarely been seen in conditions such as arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia.
Pathology
The exact etiology of lipoma...
Article
Double oblique multiplanar reconstruction
Double oblique is a type of multiplanar reconstruction used in cardiac cross-sectional imaging. It is useful for an accurate assessment of the ascending aorta and aortic annulus, and is particularly useful for pre- and post-procedure evaluation of a transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)....
Article
Cabrol shunt
The Cabrol shunt or Cabrol fistula, also known as a perigraft-to-right atrial shunt, is a technique used for uncontrolled bleeding following aortic root operations.
Rationale
The Cabrol shunt is applied when bleeding from an aortic root reconstruction cannot be controlled by traditional means ...
Article
Unifocalisation procedure
A unifocalisation procedure is a corrective surgical technique used in patients with complete pulmonary artery atresia with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs). In this technique, the collateral vessels supplying blood from the aorta directly to the lungs are brought into continuit...
Article
Total repair of tetralogy of Fallot
Total repair of tetralogy of Fallot is a corrective surgical procedure that involves closure of the ventricular septal defect (VSD) and relief of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction.
Procedure
Most patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) undergo elective surgical repair between ...
Article
Sano shunt
The Sano shunt is a palliative surgical technique sometimes used as a step in Norwood procedure for hypoplastic left heart syndrome.
The procedure involves placement of an extracardiac conduit between the right ventricle and main pulmonary artery stump. This technique prevents the reduced diast...
Article
Double switch procedure
The double switch procedure is a surgical technique used to repair congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (L-TGA), which is a cardiovascular anomaly with atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial discordance.
The procedure consists of any of the following surgical combinations...
Article
Hamartoma of mature cardiac myocytes
Hamartomas of mature cardiac myocytes (HMCM) are benign tumors arising from mature striated cardiac myocytes.
Terminology
Terms that are not recommended include ‘cardiac hamartoma’ or ‘hamartoma of adult cardiac myocytes’ 1.
Epidemiology
A hamartoma of mature cardiac myocytes is a very rare ...
Article
Platypnoea-orthodeoxia syndrome
Platypnoea-orthodeoxia syndrome refers to the concomitant occurrence of dyspnea and hypoxemia, respectively, which are precipitated by assuming an upright position and alleviated by assuming a recumbent position 4.
Clinical presentation
As the name of the syndrome suggests, the hallmark clinic...
Article
Interventricular septal aneurysm
Interventricular septal aneurysm is different from ventricular aneurysm which usually occurs in the cardiac apex. It is defined as a bowing of the interventricular septum of more than 15 mm on either side in adults and 5 mm in children during normal cardiac motion. It may involve either the memb...
Article
Non-compaction of the left ventricle
Non-compaction of the left ventricle, also known as spongiform cardiomyopathy or left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is a phenotype of hypertrophic ventricular trabeculations and deep interventricular recesses. It has been hypothesized to result from the arrest of normal myocardial compaction...
Article
Double density sign (left atrium)
The double-density sign, also known as the double right heart border, is seen on frontal chest radiographs in the presence of left atrial enlargement, and occurs when the right side of the left atrium extends behind the right cardiac shadow, indenting the adjacent lung and forming its own distin...
Article
Situs inversus
Situs inversus, (rare plural: sitūs inversi) short form of the Latin “situs inversus viscerum”, is a term used to describe the inverted position of chest and abdominal organs.
Terminology
The condition is called situs inversus totalis when there is a total transposition of abdominal and thorac...
Article
Normal chest imaging examples
This article lists examples of normal imaging of the chest and surrounding structures, divided by modality.
Plain radiographs
Adult examples
chest radiograph
PA adult male
example 1
example 2: with inverted windows
example 3
PA adult female
example 1
example 2
example 3: with labels
...
Article
Myocarditis
Myocarditis (rare plural: myocarditides) is a general term describing the inflammation of the heart muscle or myocardium and usually refers to non-ischemic myocardial inflammation and the different forms of myocarditis 1,2.
However myocardial inflammation can be also seen in the setting of myoc...
Article
Dimensionless index (DI)
Dimensionless index (DI) is the ratio of the velocity-time integral of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT-VTI) to that of the aortic valve jet (AV VTI)1-2.
Dimensionless index (DI) = LVOT VTI / AV VTI
Usage
Dimensionless index is a classic marker of severity in aortic stenosis that does...
Article
Tricuspid valve regurgitation
Tricuspid valve regurgitation (TR), also known as tricuspid valve insufficiency or tricuspid valve incompetence (TI), is a valvulopathy that describes leaking of the tricuspid valve (TV) during systole that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction from the right ventricle (RV) into the righ...
Article
CT abdominal aorta (protocol)
CT abdominal aorta can be performed with or without contrast. The decision is based on the indication, clinical indications provided, and vascular access. Various scanning methods can be utilized depending on the scanner and patient demographics.
NB: This article relates to general protocol des...
Article
Tetralogy of Fallot
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart condition with many cases presenting after the newborn period. It has been classically characterized by the combination of ventricular septal defect (VSD), right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOTO), overriding aorta...
Article
Point-of-care ultrasound (curriculum)
The point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) curriculum is one of our curriculum articles and aims to be a collection of articles that represent the core applications of ultrasonography in a point-of-care setting.
Point-of-care ultrasound refers to ultrasonography which may be simultaneously performed,...
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