Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Anti-Jo-1 antibody positive interstitial lung disease
Anti-Jo-1 antibody positive interstitial lung disease refer to cases of interstitial lung disease occurring in the setting on anti-Jo-1 antibody positivity.
Pathology
Anti-Jo-1 antibody positivity has a recognized association with interstitial lung disease. This most commonly occurs in a setti...
Article
Atypical ribs
Owing to their features, the first, eleventh and twelfth ribs are considered atypical ribs. Some authors also include the second and tenth ribs as atypical. Atypical features are summarized below:
first rib
strongest, broadest and most curved
tubercle at the inner border marks the attachment ...
Article
CT chest abdomen-pelvis (protocol)
The CT chest-abdomen-pelvis protocol serves as an outline for an examination of the trunk covering the chest, abdomen and pelvis. It is one of the most common CT examinations conducted in routine and emergencies. It can be combined with a CT angiogram.
Note: This article aims to frame a genera...
Article
Curtain sign (lung ultrasound)
The curtain sign refers to the normal ultrasound characteristics of lung bases where the lungs are fully aerated. This is because the air in the costophrenic recess will cast a hyperechoic "air curtain" over the recess, obscuring the outline of the lateral diaphragm. The "air curtain" will also ...
Article
Tuberous sclerosis
Tuberous sclerosis (TS), also known as tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) or Bourneville disease, is a phakomatosis (neurocutaneous disorder) characterized by the development of multiple benign tumors of the embryonic ectoderm (e.g. skin, eyes, and central nervous system).
Epidemiology
Tuberous ...
Article
Calcifying pulmonary metastases
Calcifying pulmonary metastases are rare. These should not be confused with metastatic pulmonary calcification.
Pathology
Calcification in metastases can arise through a variety of mechanisms: bone formation in tumors of osteoid origin, calcification and ossification of tumor cartilage, dystro...
Article
Clagett thoracotomy
A Clagett thoracotomy is a three stage procedure performed for treatment severe empyema and involves the resection of a posterolateral lower rib and the formation of an open window in the lateral aspect of the chest to allow continuous drainage and irrigation of the cavity with antibiotic soluti...
Article
Non-specific interstitial pneumonia
Non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) is the second most common morphological and pathological pattern of interstitial lung diseases after UIP. NSIP is commonly associated with connective tissue disease (CTD), and a multidisciplinary team best decides the underlying diagnosis and management...
Article
Coronary arteries
The coronary arteries arise from the aortic sinuses immediately distal (superior) to the aortic valve and supply the myocardium with oxygenated blood. The arteries branch to encircle the heart, covering its surface with a lacy network, perhaps resembling a slightly crooked crown.
Gross anatomy
...
Article
Nasogastric tube position on chest x-ray (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Nasogastric (NG) tube position on chest x-ray should be assessed following initial placement and on subsequent radiographs.
Reference article
This is a summary article; we have a more in-depth reference article NGT.
S...
Article
Ascariasis
Ascariasis is due to infection with the Ascaris lumbricoides adult worm and typically presents with gastrointestinal or pulmonary symptoms, depending on the stage of development.
Epidemiology
Ascaris lumbricoides is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions and in other humid ar...
Article
Anterosuperior mediastinal mass (mnemonic)
The common causes of an anterosuperior mediastinal mass can be remembered by using the mnemonic:
5 Ts
Mnemonic
T: thymus
T: thyroid
T: thoracic aorta
T: terrible lymphoma
T: teratoma and germ cell tumors - see mediastinal germ cell tumors
Testicular cancer metastasis can represent a sixt...
Article
Superior triangle sign (right lower lobe collapse)
The superior triangle sign is seen with complete right lower lobe (RLL) collapse alone or combined with right middle lobe collapse on PA chest x-rays. This sign can be a useful indirect sign of right lower lobe collapse where typical features are absent.
Radiographic features
Plain radiograph
...
Article
Rheumatoid arthritis associated interstitial lung disease
Rheumatoid arthritis associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) is one of the pulmonary manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis.
Epidemiology
There may be a greater male predilection with onset of lung disease typically occurring in the 5th to 6th decades of life 5.
Radiographic features
C...
Article
Atoll sign (lungs)
The atoll sign or reversed halo sign refers to focal ground-glass opacity with a peripheral ring of consolidation which may be complete or incomplete. The sign was originally described in organizing pneumonia but can also occur in infections, infarction, granulomatous disease, inflammation and t...
Article
Behçet disease
Behçet disease is a multisystemic and chronic inflammatory vasculitis of unknown etiology.
Epidemiology
The mean age at which Behçet disease occurs is 20-30 years. The disease is most prevalent in the Mediterranean, Middle East and East Asia. It is rarely reported in Europe. The highest incide...
Article
Chronic interstitial pneumonitis
Chronic interstitial pneumonitis is a broad descriptive term where an interstitial pneumonia has a prolonged course. It can arise from a range of etiologies. The term does not usually imply a specific radiographic pattern and includes UIP, NSIP or other patterns. As a general rule, there is litt...
Article
Synchronous primary lung carcinoma
Synchronous primary lung carcinoma (SPLC) is a term given to the occurrence of two or more primary lung carcinomas within different portions of the lung in the same time period.
They are thought to carry the same pathophysiological mechanism as metachronous lung carcinoma (i.e. two or more prim...
Article
Trastuzumab deruxtecan related interstitial lung disease
Trastuzumab deruxtecan related interstitial lung disease (T-Dxd ILD) is a form of drug induced lung disease which can rarely occur with the antibody-drug conjugate trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd). It can cause a fatal pneumonitis and therefore its recognition is important.
Radiographic features
...
Article
Aspergillus
Aspergillus (plural: Aspergilli) is a fungal genus consisting of approximately 250 species 1. It is a ubiquitous fungus frequently found in urban areas especially in decomposing organic matter or water-damaged walls and ceilings. Only a few Aspergillus species are associated with human disease 1...
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