Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Lesser sac
The lesser sac or omental bursa is a potential peritoneal space within the abdomen, part of the peritoneal cavity.
Gross anatomy
The lesser sac may be conceptualized as the space posterior to the lesser omentum, between the posterior wall of the stomach and the surface of the peritoneum that ...
Article
Fallopian (disambiguation)
The eponym fallopian may refer to:
fallopian canal (facial nerve canal)
fallopian tube (uterine duct)
fallopian ligament (inguinal ligament)
History and etymology
It is named after Gabriele Falloppio (also known by his Latin name Fallopius), Italian anatomist (1523-1562). Despite the eponym...
Article
Colovaginal fistula
Colovaginal fistula is one form of genitourinary fistula. It is also sometimes classed under a type of gastro-intestinal fistula.
Pathology
It refers to a communication between the colon (typically the rectum or sigmoid colon) with the vagina.
At times, specific terms are used dependent on th...
Article
Pancreas
The pancreas (plural: pancreata) is an unpaired, mostly retroperitoneal organ that has endocrine and exocrine functions, with a role in glucose metabolism and digestion.
Gross anatomy
Location
The pancreas is located at approximately the L1-L2 vertebral level in the anterior pararenal space o...
Article
Strangulated (hernia)
Strangulated in the context of hernias refers to an incarcerated hernia in which the hernial opening is so constricted that the arterial supply is compromised, leading to ischemia and eventually gangrene. It is a surgical emergency. Although strangulated bowel is also often obstructed, this is n...
Article
Splenic lesions and anomalies
There are a number of splenic lesions and anomalies:
Gamuts
hypervascular splenic lesions
Congenital anomalies
accessory spleen
wandering spleen
asplenia
polysplenia
bipartite spleen
splenogonadal fusion
retrorenal spleen
Mass lesions
Benign mass lesions
splenic cyst
splenic pseudo...
Article
Gasless abdomen
A gasless abdomen refers to a paucity of gas on abdominal radiography, and the specific cause can usually be identified when the patient's history is known. Common causes include:
proximal obstruction: gastric outlet obstruction, esophageal atresia
small bowel obstruction
bowel ischemia
asci...
Article
Colorectal cancer (staging)
Colorectal carcinoma staging can be performed using two systems. The traditional Dukes staging system has largely been replaced by the TNM system but is nonetheless often used clinically.
Staging
Dukes (Astler-Coller modification)
stage A: confined to mucosa
stage B: through muscularis propr...
Article
Intraperitoneal focal fat infarction
Intraperitoneal focal fat infarction (IFFI) refers to a group of self-limiting abdominal diseases where the primary insult is acute inflammation of intraperitoneal fat. They commonly mimic the more common causes of acute abdomen such as acute diverticulitis and acute appendicitis. The group incl...
Article
Gardner syndrome
Gardner syndrome is one of the polyposis syndromes. It is characterized by:
familial adenopolyposis
multiple osteomas: especially of the mandible, skull, and long bones
epidermal cysts
fibromatoses
desmoid tumors of mesentery and anterior abdominal wall
Other abnormalities include:
supern...
Article
Accordion sign (colon)
The accordion sign (also known as concertina sign) is seen on CT of the abdomen and refers to the similarity between the thickened edematous wall of pseudomembranous colitis and the folds of an accordion. This appearance is the result of hyperemic enhancing mucosa stretched over markedly thicken...
Article
Small bowel neuroendocrine tumor
Small bowel neuroendocrine tumors (SBNETs), also known as small bowel carcinoid tumors, are the most common gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors and most frequently involve the terminal ileum.
Epidemiology
SBNETs account for ~40% of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors 1.
Clinical presen...
Article
Turcot syndrome
Turcot syndrome is a polyposis syndrome. It is characterized by multiple colonic polyps and an increased risk of colon cancer and primary brain cancers.
Epidemiology
Turcot syndrome is a rare disease. Patients typically present in the second decade 3.
Pathology
Turcot syndrome is characteriz...
Article
Lipoma
Lipomas are benign tumors composed of mature adipocytes. They are the most common soft tissue tumor, seen in ~2% of the population.
Epidemiology
Patients typically present in adulthood (5th-7th decades).
Associations
In some cases, multiple lipomas are associated with syndromes and other di...
Article
Esophageal stricture
Esophageal stricture refers to any persistent intrinsic narrowing of the esophagus.
Terminology
The term peptic stricture refers specifically to those benign esophageal strictures caused by chronic acid reflux, although some - incorrectly - use it more loosely to refer to any benign esophagea...
Article
Perineal body
The perineal body, also known as the central tendon of the perineum, (TA: corpus perineale) is a key midline fibromuscular structure, with important muscular attachments, which acts to stabilize the structures of the pelvis and perineum. It is located between the anal canal and the vagina, or in...
Article
Afferent loop syndrome
Afferent loop syndrome is an intermittent partial or complete mechanical obstruction of the afferent limb of a gastrojejunostomy.
The syndrome classically refers to obstruction of the upstream limb of a side-to-side gastrojejunostomy but has also been used to refer to the biliopancreatic limb o...
Article
Retroperitoneum
The retroperitoneum is the part of the abdominal cavity that lies between the posterior parietal peritoneum anteriorly and the posterior abdominal wall 4. It is C-shaped on axial cross-sections with a convexity projecting anteriorly in the midline.
Gross anatomy
The retroperitoneum is variably...
Article
Gastric varix
Gastric varices are an important portosystemic collateral pathway, occurring in ~20% of patients with portal hypertension. They are considered distinct from esophageal varices in that they have a propensity to hemorrhage at comparatively lower portal pressures 1, and are also associated with hig...
Article
Water-soluble contrast challenge
A water-soluble contrast challenge (more widely known as a Gastrografin challenge) is a combined diagnostic study and therapeutic intervention utilized in the evaluation and management of small bowel obstruction. It is used when clinical or imaging features determine there to be small bowel obst...
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