Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
V sign of interphalangeal joint dislocation
The V sign is characterized on a lateral radiograph of the digit by the separation of the dorsal base of the dislocated phalanx and the head of the phalanx proximal to the incongruent joint 1,2.
Before reduction, the V sign might be assessed to identify more subtle dorsal subluxations 1.
If th...
Article
Burst fracture
Burst fractures are a type of compression fracture related to high-energy axial loading spinal trauma that results in disruption of a vertebral body endplate and the posterior vertebral body cortex. Retropulsion of posterior cortex fragments into the spinal canal is frequently included in the de...
Article
Forearm fracture
Forearm fractures are a group of fractures that occur in the forearm following trauma. The radius and ulna are bound together at the proximal and distal radioulnar joints and act as a ring. Like elsewhere in the body, it is difficult to only fracture one bone if there is a bony ring. If the radi...
Article
Diaphragmatic rupture
Diaphragmatic rupture or injury often results from blunt abdominal trauma. The mechanism of injury is typically a motor-vehicle collision.
Epidemiology
Given that the most common mechanism is motor vehicle collisions, it is perhaps unsurprising that young men are most frequently affected. The ...
Article
Calcaneal fracture
Calcaneal fractures are the most common tarsal fracture and can occur in a variety of settings.
Epidemiology
The calcaneus is the most commonly fractured tarsal bone and accounts for about 2% of all fractures 2 and ~60% of all tarsal fractures 3.
Pathology
Calcaneal fractures can be divided ...
Article
Raccoon eyes sign (base of skull fracture)
Raccoon eyes sign (or panda eyes in the UK and Ireland) refers to periorbital ecchymosis with sparing of the tarsal plate 3 and is a physical examination finding indicative of a base of skull fracture of the anterior cranial fossa.
However it is not pathognomonic for trauma, and there are sever...
Article
Lover's fracture
Lover's fracture, also known as Don Juan fracture or Casanova fracture is a type of calcaneal fracture. They are fractures of the calcaneal body and may be intra- or extra-articular.
History and etymology
The name "lover's fracture" is derived from the fact that a suitor may jump from great he...
Article
Bado classification of Monteggia fracture-dislocations
The Bado classification is one of the more widely used classifications for Monteggia fracture-dislocations and mainly focuses on the radial component. Four types are recognized and are generally based on the principle that the direction in which the apex of the ulnar fracture points is the same ...
Article
Spontaneous retropharyngeal hemorrhage
Spontaneous retropharyngeal hemorrhage, also known as spontaneous retropharyngeal hematoma, describes an accumulation of blood in the retropharyngeal space. It is a rare but potentially fatal entity due to potential for acute airway obstruction and/or rapid internal bleeding.
Epidemiology
Spon...
Article
AO Spine classification of upper cervical injuries
The AO Spine classification of upper cervical injuries is a concise and comprehensive system for categorizing the spectrum of traumatic bony and ligamentous injuries involving the occipital condyles, atlas (C1), or axis (C2).
Usage
The AO Spine upper cervical classification system is relativel...
Article
Acute abdominal pain
Acute abdominal pain is a common acute presentation in clinical practice. It encompasses a very broad range of possible etiologies and diagnoses, and imaging is routinely employed as the primary investigative tool in its modern management.
Terminology
A subgroup of patients with acute abdomina...
Article
Medial patellofemoral ligament injury
Medial patellofemoral ligament injuries comprise sprains, tears and ruptures as well as avulsion fractures of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL). They occur regularly in association with acute traumatic lateral patellar dislocations and are also found in the setting of multi-ligament knee...
Article
Investigating head injury (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Investigating head injury is frequently required because head injury is common: in the US there are 1.3 million traumatic brain injuries per year 1. Causes include falls (children and the elderly), motor vehicle accidents (...
Article
Systemic hypotension
Systemic hypotension - or often just - hypotension - is the presence of an abnormally low blood pressure. This may be relative, so that a poorly-controlled hypertensive patient who runs a normal blood pressure at 160/100, may be severely hypotensive at 80/60.
Hypotension is usually defined with...
Article
Cervical spine collar
Cervical spine collars are a form of spine orthoses, typically used to immobilize the cervical spine of patients who are thought to be at risk of unstable spine injury (e.g. due to a motor vehicle accident).
Practical points
Cervical spine collars are often utilized for trauma patients, and t...
Article
Deep sulcus sign (disambiguation)
The deep sulcus sign can refer to two different radiographic signs but is best known in the chest:
deep sulcus sign (chest): of pneumothorax on supine CXR:
deep sulcus sign (knee): better known as the lateral femoral notch sign of ACL injury
Article
Peritalar dislocation
Peritalar dislocation, also referred to as subtalar dislocation, involves the combined dislocation of the talocalcaneal/subtalar and talonavicular joints without the involvement of the tibiotalar and calcaneonavicular joints. It is generally associated with high-energy trauma and accounts for a ...
Article
Avulsion fractures of the knee
Avulsion fractures of the knee are numerous due to the many ligaments and tendons inserting around this joint. They include 1:
anterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture
posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture
avulsion of the medial collateral ligament
origin of MCL avulsion fracture...
Article
Extradural hemorrhage
Extradural hematoma (EDH), also known as an epidural hematoma, is a collection of blood that forms between the inner surface of the skull and outer layer of the dura, which is called the endosteal layer. They are usually associated with a history of head trauma and frequently associated skull fr...
Article
Orbital blow-in fractures
Orbital blow-in fractures are characterized by an inferior displaced injury of the roof of the orbit, usually due to a sudden traumatic-induced increase in intracranial pressure.
Clinical presentation
Complications
orbital blow-in fractures are associated with intraorbital injuries
extraocul...
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