Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Pediatric elbow (horizontal beam AP view)
The horizontal beam anteroposterior elbow view for pediatrics is an alternative projection to the anteroposterior view in the elbow series, examining the distal humerus, proximal radius and ulna.
Indications
This view is ideal for patients who are unable to move their arm as per the standard ...
Article
Knee (oblique view)
The knee oblique view is an additional projection requested to examine the knee joint in greater detail, often in the absence of a CT scanner. The view is comprised of both an internal and external oblique.
Indications
The internal and external oblique views of the knee can showcase pathology ...
Article
Pediatric hand (lateral view)
The lateral hand view for pediatrics is an orthogonal view taken along with the PA view of the hand. The lateral view is used to primarily assess for foreign bodies and/or displacement of fractures/dislocations.
Indications
This view is useful in assessing suspected dislocations, fractures or ...
Article
Baumann angle
Baumann angle, also known as the humeral-capitellar angle, is used for the evaluation of the displacement of pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures. It is measured on a frontal radiograph, with elbow in extension.
This angle is formed by the humeral axis and a straight line through the epiph...
Article
Abdominal radiography
Abdominal radiography can be useful in many settings. Before the advent of CT, it was a primary means of investigating gastrointestinal pathology and often allowed indirect evaluation of other abdominal viscera.
Indications
Although abdominal radiography has lower sensitivity and specificity t...
Article
Scaphoid series
The scaphoid series is comprised of posteroanterior, oblique, lateral and angled posteroanterior projections. The series examines the carpal bones focussed mainly on the scaphoid. It also examines the radiocarpal and distal radioulnar joints along with the distal radius and ulna. Scaphoid fractu...
Article
Wrist (carpal tunnel view)
The carpal tunnel view is an axial projection to demonstrate the medial and lateral prominences and the concavity.
Indications
This carpal tunnel view is seldom performed however it can be utilized to investigate potential hook of hamate, pisiform and trapezium fractures.
Patient position
pa...
Article
Pediatric tibia fibula (lateral view)
The pediatric tibia fibula lateral view is part of a two-view series of the entire tibia, fibula, and both the knee and ankle joint.
Indications
The tibia fibula lateral view is performed for evaluation of the lower leg in pediatric patients. It allows for assessment of fractures in trauma or...
Article
Axillary view
An axillary view (also known as a "Cleopatra view“) is a type of supplementary mammographic view. It is an exaggerated craniocaudal view for better imaging of the lateral portion of the breast to the axillary tail. This projection is performed whenever we want to show a lesion seen only in the a...
Article
Chest (lateral decubitus view)
The lateral decubitus view of the chest is a specialized projection that is now rarely used due to the ubiquity of CT. It is chiefly used in the pediatric population.
Indication
Undertaken to demonstrate small pleural effusions, or for the investigation of pneumothorax and air trapping due to...
Article
Shoulder series (pediatric)
The shoulder series for pediatrics is a two-view series containing anteroposterior and lateral radiographs. Depending on the patient's level of distress and the severity of the injury, adapting the radiographic technique to suit a child sitting in bed or lying supine may be necessary.
Indicati...
Article
Clavicle series (pediatrics)
The clavicle series for pediatrics is a two-view series containing an anteroposterior and a cranially angled axial radiograph. Depending on the patient's level of distress and severity of the injury, adapting the radiographic technique to suit a child sitting in bed or lying supine may be necess...
Article
Pediatric forearm (horizontal beam lateral view)
The horizontal beam lateral forearm view for pediatrics is one of two modified trauma projections in the forearm series, examining the radius and ulna.
Indications
This view is ideal for patients who are unable to move their arm as per the standard forearm positioning technique but require as...
Article
Chest (lateral view)
The lateral chest view examines the lungs, bony thoracic cavity, mediastinum, and great vessels.
Indications
This orthogonal view to a frontal chest radiograph may be performed as an adjunct in cases where there is diagnostic uncertainty. The lateral chest view can be particularly useful in as...
Article
Pediatric forearm (PA view)
The posteroanterior forearm view for pediatrics is one of two modified trauma projections in the forearm series, examining the radius and ulna.
Indications
This view is ideal for patients who are unable to move their arm as per the standard forearm positioning technique but require assessment...
Article
Pediatric hand (PA view)
The posteroanterior hand view for pediatrics is part of a two view series examining the phalanges, metacarpals, carpal bones and distal radioulnar joint.
Indications
This view is useful in assessing suspected dislocations or fractures, localizing foreign bodies or evaluating juvenile idiopath...
Article
Pediatric pelvis (AP view)
The AP pelvis view is a routine view for pediatric patients to examine the hip joints, proximal femora, iliac crests and pelvic ring. The complications of pelvic pathology in pediatrics can significantly affect the child's future, highlighting the importance of proper patient positioning 1.
Ind...
Article
Iodinated contrast media
Iodinated contrast media are contrast agents that contain iodine atoms used for x-ray-based imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT). They can also be used in fluoroscopy, angiography and venography, and even occasionally, plain radiography. Although the intravenous route of administr...
Article
Bone age (radiograph)
The bone age radiograph of the hand and wrist is a commonly performed examination to determine the radiographic age of the patient via the assessment of growth centers.
Indications
Bone age radiographs may be indicated for both clinical and non-clinical purposes 6,7:
for the investigation of
...
Article
Lumbar spine (lateral view)
The lumbar spine lateral view images the lumbar spine which generally consists of five vertebrae (see: lumbosacral transitional vertebra).
Indications
This projection shows an orthogonal view of the AP/PA view and is utilized in many imaging contexts including trauma, postoperatively, and for ...
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