Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Diffuse axonal injury (grading)
Grading of diffuse axonal injury due to trauma is described according to the anatomic distribution of injury. Contrary to the implication of the word "diffuse," diffuse axonal injury has a topological predilection for focal involvement of certain sites in the brain. These sites, in turn, vary in...
Article
CT neck, chest, abdomen-pelvis (NCAP protocol)
The CT neck chest-abdomen-pelvis protocol aims to evaluate the neck, thoracic and abdominal structures using contrast in trauma imaging. The use of contrast facilitates the assessment of pathologies globally whilst minimizing dose by potentially disregarding a non-contrast scan.
Note: This art...
Article
Point-of-care ultrasound (curriculum)
The point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) curriculum is one of our curriculum articles and aims to be a collection of articles that represent the core applications of ultrasonography in a point-of-care setting.
Point-of-care ultrasound refers to ultrasonography which may be simultaneously performed,...
Article
Judet and Letournel classification for acetabular fractures
The Judet and Letournel classification divides acetabular fractures into ten major fracture patterns, five simple patterns and five complex patterns 1,2.
Usage
The Judet and Letournal classification is the most commonly used system for classifying acetabular fractures (c.2023), and its primary...
Article
Muscle contusion
A muscle contusion (a.k.a. muscle bruising or bruise) is a form of muscle injury usually due to direct impact and associated with intramuscular hemorrhage.
Epidemiology
Muscle contusions are common injuries and are more frequently seen in males 1,2. In athletes, muscle contusions are the most ...
Article
NeuroImaging Radiological Interpretation System (NIRIS) for acute traumatic brain injury
The NeuroImaging Radiological Interpretation System (NIRIS) is a scheme for structured contextual reporting of CT head examinations of suspected head injuries.
The NIRIS was proposed 1 in 2018 by a multi-institute group of neuroradiologists based at Stanford University. Its unique objective is ...
Article
Quadriceps injury
Quadriceps injuries are injuries affecting the quadriceps muscle or quadriceps tendon and comprise a spectrum of strains, tears, avulsion and contusions up to the quadriceps tendon rupture.
Epidemiology
Quadriceps injuries are common injuries in athletes and the quadriceps muscle is often affe...
Article
Chauffeur fracture
Chauffeur fractures, also known as Hutchinson fractures or backfire fractures, are intra-articular fractures of the radial styloid process. The radial styloid is within the fracture fragment, although the fragment can vary markedly in size.
Pathology
Mechanism
These injuries are sustained eit...
Article
Holdsworth fracture
Holdsworth fracture is the eponymous name for an unstable thoracolumbar junction fracture involving the vertebral body and articular processes as well as posterior ligamentous complex rupture 1,2.
Article
Postmortem and forensic curriculum
The postmortem and forensic curriculum is one of our curriculum articles and aims to be a collection of topics that represent core knowledge pertaining to forensic and postmortem radiology.
Definitions
Postmortem radiology: the radiographic examination of the body after death.
Forensic radi...
Article
Traumatic spinal cord injury
Traumatic spinal cord injury can manifest as a wide variety of clinical syndromes resulting from damage to the spinal cord or its surrounding structures. It can result from minor injury if the spine is weakened from disease such as ankylosing spondylitis or if there is pre-existing spinal stenos...
Article
Thoracic spine fracture-dislocation
Thoracic spine fracture-dislocations are severe forms of spinal column injuries that occur secondary to high-energy trauma, in which there is vertebral fracture concomitant with dislocation of facet joints and/or the intervertebral disc space. They are mechanically unstable and are associated wi...
Article
Seatbelt syndrome
The seatbelt syndrome is the constellation of traumatic thoracic, abdominal and/or vertebral column injuries associated with three-point seatbelts 1,2:
bowel perforation
mesenteric tear
sternal fracture
lumbar spine fracture
female breast trauma
Article
Gustilo Anderson classification
The Gustilo Anderson classification, also known as the Gustilo classification, is the most widely accepted classification system of open (or compound) fractures.
The grading system is used to guide management of compound fractures, with higher grade injuries associated with higher risk of compl...
Article
Tooth-knuckle injury
Tooth-knuckle injuries are sustained when the clenched fist of a patient strikes the teeth of an opponent.
Terminology
Tooth-knuckle injuries are also referred to as clenched fist injuries, closed fist injuries and fight bite injuries.
Epidemiology
These injuries are most commonly found in y...
Article
Traynelis classification of atlanto-occipital dislocations
The Traynelis classification of atlanto-occipital dislocations describes injuries of the atlanto-occipital joint according to the displacement of the occipital condyles relative to the atlas:
type I: anterior displacement
type II: longitudinal distraction (superior-inferior displacement)
type...
Article
Traumatic brain injury
Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are common and come with a large cost to both society and the individual. Although the diagnosis of traumatic brain injury is a clinical decision, imaging (particularly CT) plays a key role in diagnostic work-up, classification, prognostication and follow-up.
The...
Article
Retinal detachment
Retinal detachment is a detachment of the neurosensory retina from the underlying pigmented choroid. Apposition of the retinal pigmented epithelium to the overlying retina is essential for normal retinal function.
Terminology
There are numerous subtypes of retinal detachment 5:
rhegmatogenous...
Article
Shoulder dislocation
The shoulder dislocation (more accurately termed a glenohumeral joint dislocation) involves separation of the humerus from the glenoid of the scapula at the glenohumeral joint.
This article contains a general discussion on shoulder dislocation. For specific dislocation types please refer to the...
Article
Subtalar dislocation
Subtalar dislocations is the simultaneous dislocation of the talonavicular and talocalcaneal joints, without tibiotalar or talar neck fractures 1.
Epidemiology
Subtalar dislocations comprise 1-2% of all dislocations.
Pathology
Mechanism
Subtalar dislocations are often associated with high e...
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