Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Primary melanocytic tumors of the CNS
Primary melanocytic tumors of the central nervous system are a group of related neoplasms of variable aggressiveness which are thought to arise from leptomeningeal melanocytes which are of neural crest origin. Under the 2016 WHO classification of CNS tumors, four entities are recognized 1:
me...
Article
External capsule
The external capsule is a series of white matter tracts in the brain situated between the putamen and claustrum. It is composed of claustrocortical fibers dorsally and the combined mass of the uncinate fasciculus and inferior frontal occipital fasciculus ventrally.
Relationships
The lentiform ...
Article
Sinonasal mucormycosis
Sinonasal mucormycosis refers to an uncommon form of invasive fungal sinus infection. Given its highly invasive nature, it can involve orbits and/or intracranial structures.
Clinical presentation
The presentation can vary, ranging from exophthalmos, rhinorrhea, and ophthalmoplegia with loss of...
Article
Stasis filling
Stasis filling describes persistent visualization of intravenous contrast within the proximal cerebral arteries but not within the cortical branches or venous outflow in suspected brain death patients, mimicking true cerebral blood flow (CBF).
Pathology
Etiology
During brain death, raised int...
Article
Pulvinar (disambiguation)
Pulvinar may refer to:
pulvinar thalamic nuclei (classically involved in variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, see pulvinar sign)
Haversian fat pad of the hip (which covers the central non-articular part of the acetabulum)
Article
Infant-type hemispheric glioma
Infant-type hemispheric gliomas, also known as infant high-grade gliomas, are high-grade brain tumors occurring in children.
Terminology
Infant-type hemispheric gliomas belong to the family of "pediatric high-grade diffuse gliomas" of the 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervou...
Article
Spinal muscular atrophy
Spinal muscular atrophy is a type of congenital neuromuscular disease affecting anterior horn cells of the brainstem and spinal cord.
Epidemiology
This disorder affects 1 in 6000-10000 infants 1.
Clinical presentation
Spinal muscular atrophy typically affects infants and young children, pres...
Article
Trotter syndrome
Trotter syndrome relates to advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma and is the constellation of:
unilateral conductive hearing loss due to middle ear effusion
trigeminal neuralgia due to perineural spread
soft palate immobility
Article
Calcar avis
Calcar avis is an elevation of white matter projecting from the medial wall of the occipital horn of the lateral ventricle. It is variably conspicuous, depending on how deep the calcarine sulcus is.
Gross anatomy
The calcar avis is located on the medial wall of the occipital horn, near the ju...
Article
Watershed cerebral infarction
Watershed cerebral infarctions, also known as border zone infarcts, occur at the border between cerebral vascular territories where the tissue is furthest from arterial supply and thus most vulnerable to reductions in perfusion.
Epidemiology
Watershed cerebral infarction accounts for 5-10% of...
Article
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
The anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) is one of three vessels that provides arterial blood supply to the cerebellum. It has a variable origin, course and supply, with up to 40% of specimens not having an identifiable standard AICA. The amount of tissue supplied by the AICA is variable (...
Article
Focal cortical dysplasia
Focal cortical dysplasias (FCD) represent a heterogeneous group of disorders of cortical formation, which may demonstrate both architectural and proliferative features. They are one of the most common causes of epilepsy and can be associated with hippocampal sclerosis and cortical glioneuronal n...
Article
Tuberous sclerosis
Tuberous sclerosis (TS), also known as tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) or Bourneville disease, is a phakomatosis (neurocutaneous disorder) characterized by the development of multiple benign tumors of the embryonic ectoderm (e.g. skin, eyes, and central nervous system).
Epidemiology
Tuberous ...
Article
Ependymoma vs astrocytoma of the spinal cord
A number of factors are useful when differentiating between spinal cord ependymoma and spinal cord astrocytoma.
Ependymoma
child or adult
more central in location
well-defined lesion
bone remodeling is common
low T1 signal
well-defined enhancement
syrinx is more common
hemorrhage is mo...
Article
Neonatal herpes simplex encephalitis
Neonatal herpes simplex encephalitis is caused by vertical transmission of infection during passage from birth canal with diffuse cerebral involvement within the first month after birth; in contrast to adult herpes simplex encephalitis, it is commonly related to HSV-2.
Epidemiology
The incide...
Article
Crista galli
The crista galli is a thick, midline, smooth triangular process arising from the superior surface of the ethmoid bone, projecting into the anterior cranial fossa. It separates the olfactory bulbs, which lie on either side of it in the olfactory fossae of the cribriform plate. It serves as an ant...
Article
Paraphysis elements
The so-called paraphysis elements are embryonic structures which appears like a thin strand between telencephalon and the anterior portions of diencephalon 1. It is believed to be the structure which results in colloid cysts of the third ventricle.
Article
Boston criteria 2.0 for cerebral amyloid angiopathy
The Boston criteria 2.0 were proposed in 2022 in order to better include leptomeningeal and white matter characteristics into the diagnoses of probable and possible cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) 1. They consist of combined clinical, imaging and pathological parameters, and are based upon the...
Article
Metachromatic leukodystrophy
Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is the most common hereditary (autosomal recessive) leukodystrophy and is one of the lysosomal storage disorders. It has characteristic imaging features including peri-atrial and to a lesser extent frontal horns leukodystrophy as well as periventricular periven...
Article
Contrast-induced neurotoxicity
Contrast-induced neurotoxicity, also known as iodinated contrast-induced encephalopathy, is a rare complication of iodinated intravascular contrast resulting in a usually temporary neurological deficit. CT imaging findings can be dramatic, demonstrating contrast staining and edema, but spontaneo...
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