Articles
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More than 200 results
Article
Spleen size (pediatric)
The spleen size varies with a child's age.
The three numbers below represent the 10th percentile, median, and 90th percentile for the long axis of the spleen (cm) 1-3:
0-3 months: (3.3, 4.5, 5.8 cm)
3-6 months: (4.9, 5.3, 6.4 cm)
6-12 months: (5.2, 6.2, 6.8 cm)
1-2 years: (5.4, 6.9, 7.5 cm)...
Article
Small bowel diaphragm disease
Small bowel diaphragm disease is a rare clinical entity involving diaphragm-like septa causing small bowel lumen narrowing.
Epidemiology
Small bowel diaphragm disease is a relatively rare disease, with limited reported literature on its incidence and prevalence 1.
Risk factors
The following ...
Article
Vicarious contrast media excretion
Vicarious contrast media excretion (VCME) refers to the excretion of intravascularly-administered water-soluble iodinated contrast media in a way other than via normal renal excretion. More rarely it may occur following oral contrast medium administration 6.
Epidemiology
The most common vicari...
Article
Autoimmune pancreatitis (diagnostic criteria)
There are several sets of diagnostic criteria for autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), with some overlap and contradictions.
Several different sets of diagnostic criteria are in use 4.
Asian 2008 AIP diagnostic criteria
both criteria I to be fulfilled
one criterion II
consistent histology
The cr...
Article
CT angiography of the splanchnic vessels (protocol)
Multislice CT angiography of the splanchnic vessels is a powerful minimally invasive technique for the evaluation of the splanchnic vascular system.
Indications
CT angiography is indicated in the evaluation of the following conditions related to the splanchnic vessels 8:
aneurysm
thrombosis
...
Article
Paraduodenal pancreatitis
Paraduodenal pancreatitis is an uncommon type of focal chronic pancreatitis affecting the groove between the head of the pancreas, the duodenum and the common bile duct.
Terminology
The following entities with which it shares clinicopathological features are unified by this term and should no ...
Article
Boas sign
Boas sign is a clinical sign that is defined as hyperesthesia felt by the patient to light touch in the right lower scapular region or the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. It is classically seen in patients with acute cholecystitis.
History and etymology
Ismar Isidor Boas (1858–1938), was ...
Article
Mucinous carcinoma of the colon
Mucinous carcinoma of the colon is a distinct form of colorectal cancer found in 10-15% of patients with colorectal cancer. It differs from conventional adenocarcinoma in terms of clinical and histopathological characteristics.
For the cecal appendix, please refer to the article on mucinous ade...
Article
Complications of radiation therapy
Radiation therapy has the potential to cause complications in many organ systems, many of which, especially in the thorax, are important for radiologists to be aware of.
acute radiation syndrome
complications of cranial radiation therapy
radiation-induced cerebral vasculopathy
radiation-ind...
Article
Splenic hemangioma
Splenic hemangiomas, also known as splenic venous malformations, splenic cavernous malformations, or splenic slow flow venous malformations, while being rare lesions, are considered the second most common focal lesion involving the spleen after simple splenic cysts 5,12 and the most common prima...
Article
Valentino syndrome
Valentino syndrome, also known as Valentino appendix, refers to a clinical syndrome of right lower quadrant or right iliac fossa pain secondary to a perforated peptic ulcer. It is an important differential diagnosis for acute appendicitis.
Epidemiology
Although thought to be a very rare manife...
Article
Thumbprinting
Thumbprinting is a radiographic sign of large bowel wall thickening, usually caused by edema, related to an infective or inflammatory process (colitis). The normal haustra become thickened at regular intervals appearing like thumbprints projecting into the aerated lumen.
Pathology
Etiology
Th...
Article
Abdomen radiograph (pediatric)
The abdomen radiograph is a commonly requested examination in the pediatric patient. Children that present for abdominal x-rays are often very unwell, therefore specialized techniques and appropriate communication are essential for gaining the child's cooperation.
Indications
Performing abdom...
Article
Diaphragmatic rupture
Diaphragmatic rupture or injury often results from blunt abdominal trauma. The mechanism of injury is typically a motor-vehicle collision.
Epidemiology
Given that the most common mechanism is motor vehicle collisions, it is perhaps unsurprising that young men are most frequently affected. The ...
Article
AIDS-defining illness
AIDS-defining illnesses are conditions that in the setting of a HIV infection confirm the diagnosis of AIDS and do not commonly occur in immunocompetent individuals 2. According to the CDC surveillance case definition 1, they are:
Infectious
bacterial infections: multiple or recurrent
candidi...
Article
Obturator sign
Obturator sign is a clinical sign of acute appendicitis, it is defined as discomfort felt by the subject/patient on the slow internal movement of the hip joint, while the right knee is flexed. It indicates an inflamed pelvic appendix that is in contact with the obturator internus muscle 1-3.
Se...
Article
Fibromuscular dysplasia
Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a heterogeneous group of vascular lesions characterized by idiopathic, non-inflammatory, and non-atherosclerotic angiopathy of small and medium-sized arteries.
Epidemiology
The prevalence is unknown 7. It is most common in young women with a female to male rati...
Article
Adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas
Adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas is a rare, highly aggressive malignancy, clinically indistinguishable from the more common pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Their defining pathological and imaging characteristics are the frequent presence of central necrosis and vascular invasion.
Termi...
Article
Left gastroepiploic artery
The left gastroepiploic artery (LGA) is one of the branches of the splenic artery.
Gross anatomy
Course
The left gastroepiploic artery most commonly arises from the splenic artery, and runs within the gastrosplenic ligament. It then runs within the two layers of the greater omentum to the rig...
Article
Gastric metastases
Gastric metastases are rare, found in less than 2% of patients who die of a carcinoma 6.
Epidemiology
Usually affects the middle-aged and elderly population. Affects males and females equally without predilection.
Clinical presentation
The patient may be asymptomatic, but the most common sig...
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