Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Angiomyofibroblastoma
Angiomyofibroblastomas are benign mesenchymal neoplasms usually found in the pelvis or perineum, especially the vulva.
Epidemiology
Angiomyofibroblastomas are uncommon tumors predominantly found in adult women usually between menarche and menopause. Approximately 10% of these tumors have been ...
Article
Ovarian serous cystadenoma
Ovarian serous cystadenomas are a type of benign ovarian epithelial tumor at the benign end of the spectrum of ovarian serous tumors.
Terminology
Serous ovarian tumors are traditionally described with a "cyst-" prefix because of their primarily cystic composition, e.g. cystadenoma, cystadenoca...
Article
Subserosal leiomyoma of the uterus
Subserosal uterine leiomyoma is a subtype of uterine leiomyoma that often exophytically projects outwards from a subserosal location. While its exact definition may vary, a leiomyoma is often called subserosal if >50% of the fibroid protrudes out of the serosal surface of the uterus 2.
Clinica...
Article
Subendometrial cysts
Subendometrial cysts can arise from several pathologies which include
adenomyosis 2
tamoxifen-associated endometrial changes 1,3
Differential diagnosis
Considerations include
superiorly positioned nabothian cyst
Article
Uterine artery pseudoaneurysm
Uterine artery pseudoaneurysm (UAP) is a rare cause of secondary postpartum hemorrhage.
Clinical presentation
UAP usually presents as delayed (secondary) postpartum hemorrhage, that is per vaginal bleeding which occurs more than 24 hours and up to 6 weeks postpartum. However, some reported ca...
Article
Body imaging
Body imaging is the term assigned to cross-sectional imaging of the body, which radiologically refers to the chest, abdomen and pelvis. It is often used by radiologists who report this region (sometimes known as body imagers/radiologists) to differentiate their primary area of interest from othe...
Article
Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS)
The Ovarian-Adnexal Imaging Reporting and Data System, (O-RADS), aims to ensure that there are uniform unambiguous sonographic and MRI evaluations of ovarian or other adnexal lesions, accurately assigning each lesion to a risk category of malignancy being present, and which informs the appropria...
Article
Mons pubis
The mons pubis (plural: montes pubis) refers to the rounded protuberant skin-covered soft tissue overlying the symphysis pubis (in both sexes). It is most prominent in adult females.
In females it forms the most superior part of the vulva and it is also called the mons Veneris (plural: montes V...
Article
Parametrium
The parametrium is a band of fibrous tissue that separates the supravaginal portion of the cervix from the bladder. It extends on to its sides and laterally between the layers of the broad ligaments.
The uterine artery and ovarian ligament are located in the parametrium.
The parametrium is imp...
Article
Gynecology curriculum
The gynecology curriculum is one of our curriculum articles and aims to be a collection of articles that represent the core gynecological knowledge.
Definition
Topics pertaining to the ovaries, uterus, vagina and associated stuctures, but excluding those specific to obstetrics and urinary syst...
Article
Ovarian transposition
Ovarian transposition is a surgical procedure in which the ovaries are displaced from the pelvis before pelvic radiation therapy in order to protect them from radiation injury.
It is performed in premenopausal women with a variety of pelvic malignancies (e.g cervical cancer, rectal cancer, and ...
Article
Obstetric curriculum
The obstetric curriculum is one of our curriculum articles and aims to be a collection of articles that represent the core obstetric knowledge.
Definition
Topics pertaining to the normal and abnormal pregnancy, the gravid uterus and fetal environment, placenta, normal fetal development and fet...
Article
Large for dates uterus
A large for date uterus is a clinical observation based on uterine fundal height, which may result in referral for ultrasound assessment, usually in mid to late pregnancy.
Pathology
Etiology
incorrect dates
constitutionally large fetus
multiple pregnancy
fetal macrosomia
polyhydramnios
u...
Article
Stenosis of the uterine cervix
Stenosis of the uterine cervix is the pathologic narrowing of the uterine cervix. The term cervical stenosis is clinically defined as cervical narrowing that prevents the insertion of a 2.5 mm wide dilator through the cervical os.
Epidemiology
One-fifth of patients have a history of exposure t...
Article
Primary vaginal carcinoma
Primary vaginal carcinoma, although being a rare overall, is still the 5th commonest gynecological malignancy. A primary vaginal carcinoma is defined as a neoplasm that arises solely from the vagina with no involvement of the external os superiorly or the vulva inferiorly, the importance of this...
Article
Ovarian cystadenocarcinofibroma
An ovarian cystadenocarcinofibroma (CACF) is an extremely rare ovarian tumor. The tumor has a fibrous component is considered as the malignant counterpart of an ovarian cystadenofibroma (CAF) 1. There is very little literature on the imaging findings of these.
Article
Vulval cancer (staging)
Staging of vulval cancer can be done with either the AJCC or FIGO systems, although both are similar.
Staging
FIGO
stage I: tumor confined to the vulva
IA: lesions ≤2 cm in size, confined to the vulva or perineum and with stromal invasion ≤1.0 mm*, no nodal metastasis
IB: lesions N2 cm in ...
Article
Partial hydatidiform mole
Partial hydatidiform mole is a type of molar pregnancy, which in turn falls under the spectrum of gestational trophoblastic disease.
Clinical presentation
Clinical signs and symptoms such as abdominal pain, cramps of the lower abdomen and vaginal bleeding during pregnancy are common but non-s...
Article
Monochorionic monoamniotic twin pregnancy
A monochorionic monoamniotic (MCMA) twin pregnancy is a subtype of monozygotic twin pregnancy. These fetuses share a single chorionic sac, a single amniotic sac, and, in general, a single yolk sac.
Epidemiology
It accounts for the minority (~5%) of monozygotic twin pregnancies and ~1-2% of al...
Article
Undifferentiated carcinoma of the ovary
Undifferentiated carcinoma of the ovary is a rare type of ovarian epithelial tumor. They account for ~ 4% of ovarian cancer 2.
Pathology
With these tumors, cellular differentiation is not sufficient for the tumor to be categorized into serous, mucinous or other specified subtypes. Pure undiffe...
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