Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Fallopian canal
The fallopian canal or facial nerve canal refers to a bony canal through which the facial nerve traverses the petrous temporal bone, from the internal acoustic meatus to the stylomastoid foramen.
There are three segments of the canal, corresponding to the segments of the facial nerve they cont...
Article
Orbicularis oculi muscle
The orbicularis oculi muscle is a muscle of facial expression, a ring-like muscle functioning in a number of eyelid movements.
Gross anatomy
The orbicularis oculi muscle is subdivided into orbital, palpebral and lacrimal parts. Each has defined actions.
The orbicularis oculi is secured to th...
Article
Osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint
Osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the end point of long-standing TMJ dysfunction. It is a common finding incidentally on a base of skull imaging, and it should be remembered that TMJ pain does not correlate well with osteoarthritic changes. Indeed pain from TMJ dysfunction i...
Article
Postpartum thyroiditis
Postpartum thyroiditis (PPT) is a type of thyroid inflammatory condition defined as the development of hypothyroidism, thyrotoxicosis or both in the year following childbirth in any women who did not have clinical evidence of thyroid disease before pregnancy 7. It may also occur following a spon...
Article
Black turbinate sign (nasal cavity)
The black turbinate sign refers to the non-enhancement of nasal turbinates in a patient with acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis.
Angioinvasive fungal infection (e.g. mucormycosis or aspergillosis) involves the nasal mucosa and causes infarction of the surrounding tissue. The infarcted tissue ...
Article
Fallopian (disambiguation)
The eponym fallopian may refer to:
fallopian canal (facial nerve canal)
fallopian tube (uterine duct)
fallopian ligament (inguinal ligament)
History and etymology
It is named after Gabriele Falloppio (also known by his Latin name Fallopius), Italian anatomist (1523-1562). Despite the eponym...
Article
IgG4-related orbital disease
IgG4-related orbital or ophthalmic disease is a manifestation of systemic IgG4-related disease that accounts for a substantial minority of what was previously considered idiopathic orbital inflammation (orbital pseudotumor).
Clinical presentation
Patients usually present with either painless p...
Article
Nasal septum
The nasal septum (Latin: septum nasi) separates the left and right nasal cavities. It extends from the nares anteriorly to the choanae posteriorly and is covered by squamous epithelium.
Gross anatomy
The vertical midline nasal septum is comprised primarily of a single nasal cartilage from the ...
Article
Facial fractures
Facial fractures are commonly caused by blunt or penetrating trauma at moderate or high levels of force. Such injuries may be sustained during a fall, physical assault, motor vehicle collision, or gunshot wound. The facial bones are thin and relatively fragile, making them susceptible to injury....
Article
Basilar fractures of the skull
Basilar fractures of the skull, also known as base of skull or skull base fractures, are a common form of skull fracture, particularly in the setting of severe traumatic head injury, and involve the base of the skull. They may occur in isolation or often in continuity with skull vault (calvarial...
Article
Orbital mass
An orbital mass carries a wide differential.
Differential diagnosis
tumors
lymphoma
metastasis
lacrimal gland or duct tumors
rhabdomyosarcoma of the orbit
retinoblastoma
optic nerve meningioma
optic nerve glioma
schwannoma (of trigeminal or other cranial nerves except optic)
neurofibr...
Article
External carotid artery
The external carotid artery (ECA) is one of the two terminal branches of the common carotid artery that has many branches that supplies the structures of the neck, face and head. The other terminal branch is the internal carotid (ICA), which is somewhat larger than the ECA, which supplies the in...
Article
Infantile hemangioma
Infantile hemangiomas are benign vascular neoplasms that are the most common head and neck tumors of infancy. They can occur virtually anywhere, but the majority are found in the head and neck regions.
This article aims to be a generic discussion of the condition, for detailed and more specific...
Article
Condylar process fractures
Condylar process fractures are fractures of the condylar process of the mandible. The condylar process of the mandible is involved in around 30% of all mandibular fractures.
Condylar fractures are classified according to the location of the fracture and the direction displacement of the condyle...
Article
Bezold abscess
A Bezold abscess is a complication of acute otomastoiditis where the infection erodes through the cortex medial to the attachment of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, at the attachment site of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, and extends into the infratemporal fossa. It is impalpable b...
Article
CDKN2A/p16
CDKN2A (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A) is a tumor suppressor gene that encodes for the p16 protein, involved in the CDK4/6–RB1 cell-cycle pathway 5.
p16 is a widely used immunohistochemical marker indicating expression of the cell cycle protein, which is upregulated by human papillomavi...
Article
Frontal nerve
The frontal nerve is the largest and main branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (V1).
Gross anatomy
The frontal nerve divides off the ophthalmic division superiorly just before entering the orbit through the superior orbital fissure outside and superolateral to the tendinou...
Article
Supraorbital nerve
The supraorbital nerve is the lateral and larger of the two branches of the frontal nerve, a branch of ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. As it courses through the superior aspect of the extraconal space of the orbit it exits the orbit through the supraorbital notch to supply the conju...
Article
Bouthillier classification of internal carotid artery segments
Alain Bouthillier et al. described a seven segment internal carotid artery classification system in 1996 1. It remains the most widely used system for describing the internal carotid artery segments.
A helpful mnemonic for remembering ICA segments is:
C'mon Please Learn Carotid Clinical Organ...
Article
Rosai-Dorfman disease
Rosai-Dorfman disease, also known as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy or Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes disease, is a rare benign idiopathic proliferative disease that involves phagocytic histiocytes.
Epidemiology
The disease predominantly occurs in young adults with a mean age at pre...
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.