Articles
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More than 200 results
Article
Shoulder dislocation
The shoulder dislocation (more accurately termed a glenohumeral joint dislocation) involves separation of the humerus from the glenoid of the scapula at the glenohumeral joint.
This article contains a general discussion on shoulder dislocation. For specific dislocation types please refer to the...
Article
Subtalar dislocation
Subtalar dislocations is the simultaneous dislocation of the talonavicular and talocalcaneal joints, without tibiotalar or talar neck fractures 1.
Epidemiology
Subtalar dislocations comprise 1-2% of all dislocations.
Pathology
Mechanism
Subtalar dislocations are often associated with high e...
Article
Hangman fracture
Hangman fracture, also known as traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis, is a fracture which involves the pars interarticularis of C2 on both sides, and is a result of hyperextension and distraction.
Epidemiology
These injuries account for 4-7% of all cervical spine fractures and up to 22% of ...
Article
Winquist and Hansen classification of femoral shaft fractures
The Winquist and Hansen classification of femoral shaft fractures is based on fracture comminution and stability.
Usage
The Winquist system is commonly used along with the AO/OTA classification of femoral diaphyseal fractures 4.
This classification was originally used to assist (along with ot...
Article
Medial collateral ligament injury of the knee
Medial collateral ligament injuries of the knee comprise of sprains, partial and complete tears. Medial collateral ligament injuries are one of the most common ligamentous injuries of the knee.
Epidemiology
Medial collateral ligament injuries are very common in athletes 1-4 and it is likely th...
Article
Esophageal perforation
Esophageal perforation is a rare but serious medical emergency with a very high mortality rate, especially if the diagnosis is delayed.
Epidemiology
Most patients are in their sixties with a slight male predominance 5.
Clinical presentation
Esophageal rupture is iatrogenic from instrumentat...
Article
Flail chest
Flail chest or flail thoracic segment implies paradoxical motion of a segment of chest wall during respiration due to multiple rib fractures.
Definitions
Definitions vary between radiologists and clinicians, noting that a flail chest is specifically a clinical diagnosis. Radiologists apply the...
Article
Trauma CT thorax review areas (mnemonic)
Trauma CT thorax review areas are useful to reduce the potential for error, which is higher than usual given the larger number of images requiring review, and the often present time pressures and the potential presence of numerous concurrent injuries (see CT polytrauma).
Using some standard re...
Article
Subdural hemorrhage
Subdural hemorrhage/hematoma (SDH) is a collection of blood accumulating in the subdural space. Subdural hemorrhage can happen in any age group, is mainly due to head trauma and CT scans are usually sufficient to make the diagnosis. Prognosis varies widely depending on the size and chronicity of...
Article
Perivascular adductor longus muscle injury
A perivascular adductor longus muscle injury is an infrequent type of trauma to the adductor longus muscle, which is poorly and infrequently reported in the literature 1-3, and may as a result remain underdiagnosed and undertreated.
Pathology
The adductor longus muscle originates from the exte...
Article
Denver criteria for blunt cerebrovascular injury
The Denver criteria are a set of screening criteria used to determine when CT angiography of the neck is indicated to detect blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) in patients presenting after trauma.
Screening criteria
The Denver criteria were initially developed in 1996 1, modified in 2005 to ...
Article
Pelvic fractures
Pelvic fractures can be simple or complex and can involve any part of the bony pelvis. Pelvic fractures can be fatal due to pelvic hemorrhage, and an unstable pelvis requires immediate management.
Epidemiology
Pelvic fractures can be seen in any group of patients. Like much trauma, there is a ...
Article
Joint effusion
A joint effusion is defined as an increased amount of fluid within the synovial compartment of a joint.
There is normally only a small amount of physiological intra-articular fluid. Abnormal fluid accumulation can result from inflammation, infection (i.e. pus) or trauma and might be exudate, tr...
Article
Middle phalanx fracture
Middle phalanx fractures are the least common of the phalanx fractures.
Radiographic features
These fractures are generally well visualized on plain radiographs. Ultrasonography can be used in unclear cases.
Treatment and prognosis
Non-displaced fractures can be treated conservatively with a...
Article
Triplane fracture
Triplane or triplanar fractures are of the distal tibia only occurring in adolescents. As the physiological closure of the physeal plate begins medially, the lateral (open) physis is prone to this type of fracture. Most authors regard it as a type 4 Salter-Harris fracture.
It comprises of 3 com...
Article
CT comma sign (head)
The CT comma sign is a characteristic sign seen in head trauma. It is the presence of concurrent epidural and subdural hematomas, which gives the characteristic appearance of this sign as a "comma" shape.
Article
Three column concept of spinal fractures
The three-column concept of thoracolumbar spinal fractures (of Denis) forms the basis of several widely used thoracolumbar spinal fracture classification systems.
Usage
While the three-column concept was initially developed for classifying thoracolumbar spinal fractures, it can also be applied...
Article
Body imaging
Body imaging is the term assigned to cross-sectional imaging of the body, which radiologically refers to the chest, abdomen and pelvis. It is often used by radiologists who report this region (sometimes known as body imagers/radiologists) to differentiate their primary area of interest from othe...
Article
Bosworth fracture
The term Bosworth fracture is no longer used. However, it was classically used to refer to a fracture-dislocation of the ankle in which there was fracture of the fibula and posterior dislocation of the talus.
History and etymology
Named after David M Bosworth (1897-1979), orthopedic surgeon fr...
Article
Femoral artery pseudoaneurysm
Femoral artery pseudoaneurysms are usually iatrogenic, as the femoral artery is the vessel of choice for most endovascular arterial interventions.
Pathology
Etiology
iatrogenic
anticoagulation therapy
inadequate compression following femoral arterial puncture for endovascular intervention
...
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