Search results for “COPD”
753 results found
Article
Marijuana lung
Marijuana (cannabis or bong) lung refers to the presence of large apical bullae in patients who regularly smoke marijuana. A definite causative link between smoking marijuana and bullous lung disease has not been established, and the association may just be coincidental.
Pathology
Smoking mar...
Article
Diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide
Diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (often abbreviated as DLCO) is a measure that determines how much oxygen travels from the alveoli of the lungs to the bloodstream. It is an index of the surface area available for gas exchange. In some situations is also used synonymously with ...
Article
Asthmatic pulmonary eosinophilia
Asthmatic pulmonary eosinophilia is a form of pulmonary eosinophilia which is commonly attributed to Aspergillus fumigatus. Although many cases have not shown any allergen.
Radiographic features
Plain radiograph - patterns
normal
hyperinflation (in acute attacks or chronic severe asthma)
fe...
Article
Iodinated contrast media
Iodinated contrast media are contrast agents that contain iodine atoms used for x-ray-based imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT). They can also be used in fluoroscopy, angiography and venography, and even occasionally, plain radiography. Although the intravenous route of administr...
Case
Morgagni hernia
Published
24 May 2023
95% complete
CT
Case
Centrilobular emphysema - severe
Published
05 Jan 2013
80% complete
CT
Case
Postliposuction subcutaneous emphysema
Published
17 Feb 2021
95% complete
CT
Article
Harrison sulcus
The Harrison sulcus or Harrison groove refers to a groove at the lower end of the rib cage seen in young children/infants with abnormally weak bones (e.g. rickets) or chronic respiratory disease (e.g. severe asthma). The lower chest is drawn in with flaring of the rib margin. The exact cause is ...
Article
Swiss cheese sign (lungs)
The Swiss cheese sign has been used for the appearance on CT of fluid-containing pneumatoceles, that typically occurs following pulmonary lacerations 1. They have also been described on CT appearances where there is pulmonary infection superimposed on emphysema 2.
The pneumatocoeles appear as '...
Article
Orbital emphysema
Orbital emphysema is the presence of gas within the orbital soft tissues. It is usually due to orbital fractures communicating with the paranasal sinuses but can be caused by penetrating trauma and infection. It is a common finding also after orbital or ocular surgery.
Location
preseptal
...
Case
Centrilobular pulmonary emphysema
Published
29 Dec 2022
75% complete
CT
Article
Assessment of lungs, pleura and airways on chest x-ray (approach)
Described below is one approach to the assessment of airways, lungs and pleura on chest x-ray. Start by assessing the tracheal air column, followed by the lungs and finally the pleural spaces.
Tracheobronchial tree
assess position, should be central and deviation can be due to
positive mass ...
Article
Ginkgo leaf sign (subcutaneous emphysema)
The ginkgo leaf sign of the chest, also referred to as the ginkgo leaf sign of subcutaneous emphysema, is a radiographic appearance seen with extensive subcutaneous emphysema of the chest wall. Gas outlines the fibers of the pectoralis major muscle and creates a branching pattern that resembles ...
Article
Hopkins syndrome
Hopkins syndrome is a rare poliomyelitis-like neurological syndrome that occurs following an episode of acute asthma.
Clinical presentation
It usually manifests as flaccid paralysis of one or more limbs, several days or weeks following an episode of acute asthma.
Pathology
The pathogenesis i...
Article
Lung volume reduction surgery
Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) is an emerging promising palliative treatment option for select patients with severe, debilitating pulmonary emphysema. It usually involves bilateral wedge resection of 20-30% of the most diseased lung through a median sternotomy. It has been proposed that L...
Article
Flattening of the diaphragm
Flattening of the diaphragm is the most sensitive sign on chest radiographs for the presence of hyperinflation of the lungs, usually due to emphysema 1,2.
On a lateral chest radiograph, the normal dome of each hemidiaphragm should rise at least 1.5 cm above a line connecting the costophrenic an...
Article
Pia mater
The pia mater is the innermost layer of the meninges and together with the arachnoid mater is referred to as the leptomeninges. It is closely related to the surface of the brain and unlike the arachnoid mater extends into the sulci 1.
Gross anatomy
The pia mater is separated from the arachnoid...
Article
Diagnosis of exclusion
A diagnosis of exclusion is an expression that in general applies to that diagnosis that is left over after all other possible differential diagnoses have been excluded. However some of the conditions for which the epithet of 'diagnosis of exclusion' are applied are actually verifiable but somet...
Article
Renal emphysema
Renal emphysema, or intrarenal gas, refers to the presence of gas within the kidney, with or without extension to the urinary tract.
It is a rare finding and only a few differentials need to be considered 1:
infections
emphysematous pyelonephritis 1
iatrogenic
instrumentation
biopsy
surge...
Case
Tension pneumothorax
Published
24 Aug 2021
82% complete
X-ray
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