618 results found
Article
Duplex collecting system
A duplex collecting system, or duplicated collecting system, is one of the most common congenital renal tract abnormalities. It is characterized by an incomplete fusion of upper and lower pole moieties resulting in a variety of complete or incomplete duplications of the collecting system. While ...
Article
PET-CT (overview)
PET-CT imaging is a form of dual-modality imaging that utilizes the advantages of both positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT).
PET imaging excels at detailing physiologic or biologic phenomena through the administration of positron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals. The bi...
Article
Juan M Taveras
Juan M Taveras (1919-2002) was an Dominican neuroradiologist, who is remembered chiefly for his work in establishing neuroradiology as a separate subspecialty in the United States. He was the principal mover behind the founding of the American Society of Neuroradiology and its primary publicati...
Article
Prostate cancer
Prostate cancer ranks as the most common primary malignant tumor in men and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in men. Prostatic adenocarcinoma is by far the most common histological type and is the primary focus of this article.
Epidemiology
It is primarily a disease of the...
Article
Patient data
Patient data is a section in cases (visible in edit mode) where patient demographics can be entered. The two fields are:
age
gender
Age
Please round the patient age to the nearest 5 years for adult patients (i.e. ≥18 years). This is an additional privacy measure.
For pediatric patients, cl...
Article
Cholesteatoma
Cholesteatomas are histologically equivalent to an epidermoid cyst and are composed of desquamated keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium forming a mass.
Clinical presentation
They may be asymptomatic, or may present with conductive hearing loss, dizziness, or otorrhea.
Pathology
The ma...
Article
Saccular cerebral aneurysm
Saccular cerebral aneurysms, also known as berry aneurysms, are intracranial aneurysms with a characteristic rounded shape. They account for the vast majority of intracranial aneurysms and are the most common cause of non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Terminology
Those larger than 25 mm i...
Article
Aorto-left renal vein fistula
Aorto-left renal vein fistula is an extremely rare complication of abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture. The initial clinical presentation is often non-specific, however, characteristic imaging findings, if recognized early, can lead to prompt diagnosis and assist in surgical planning.
Epidemiolo...
Article
Accessory renal artery
Accessory renal arteries are a common variant of the renal arteries. They are present in ~25% (range 20-30%) of the population and bilateral in ~10% 1. Accurate identification is of utmost importance for surgical planning prior to live donor transplantation 2,3 and renal artery embolization for ...
Article
Cubitus varus
Cubitus varus (gunstock deformity) is a malalignment of the distal humerus that results in a change of carrying angle from the physiologic valgus alignment (5-15 degrees) of the arm and forearm to varus malalignment. Historically, it is a complication of supracondylar fractures with a frequency ...
Article
Inferior vena cava filter retrieval
Inferior vena cava filter retrieval is an endovascular procedure whereby a previously placed inferior vena cava (IVC) filter is removed.
Procedure
The procedure is performed under local anesthesia with fluoroscopic guidance. Venous access is usually gained via the internal jugular vein with di...
Article
Left anterior descending artery
The left anterior descending (LAD) artery, also known as the anterior interventricular branch, is one of the two branches of the left coronary artery (the other branch being the circumflex (Cx) artery).
Terminology
The left anterior descending artery is often given the sobriquet, the widow-mak...
Article
Prosthetic hip infections
Prosthetic hip infections are one of the most severe complications of total hip arthroplasties.
Epidemiology
Prosthetic hip infections complicate around 0.57% of total hip arthroplasties 1.
Risk factors
Risk factors for prosthetic hip infections can be separated into pre-operative and post-...
Article
Patent foramen ovale
A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a normal foetal interatrial connection which can persist into adult life. This can cause stroke due to paradoxical embolus.
Terminology
PFO is an anatomical variant due to persistence of a normal foetal structure rather than a malformation, in contradistinction ...
Article
Congenital tracheo-esophageal fistula
Congenital tracheo-esophageal fistula is a congenital pathological communication between the trachea and esophagus.
Epidemiology
Tracheo-esophageal fistula and esophageal atresia have a combined incidence of approximately 1 in 3500 live births 1-3,5. There is only a minimal hereditary/geneti...
Article
Lumbar spine protocol (MRI)
The MRI lumbar spine protocol encompasses a set of MRI sequences for the routine assessment of the lumbar spine.
Note: This article aims to frame a general concept of an MRI protocol for the assessment of the lumbar spine. Protocol specifics will vary depending on MRI scanner type, specific har...
Article
CT abdominal aorta (protocol)
CT abdominal aorta can be performed with or without contrast. The decision is based on the indication, clinical indications provided, and vascular access. Various scanning methods can be utilized depending on the scanner and patient demographics.
NB: This article relates to general protocol des...
Article
Cardiac ischemia protocol (MRI)
The cardiac MRI ischemia or stress protocol encompasses a set of different MRI sequences for the assessment of myocardial ischemia.
Note: This article aims to frame a general concept of a cardiac MRI protocol in the setting of vasodilator stress perfusion testing.
Protocol specifics will vary ...
Article
Hepatocellular carcinoma (staging)
Hepatocellular carcinoma staging classifications supersede the typical TNM staging system seen in most other epithelial cancers, as the TNM staging system has been found to not be as prognostically useful for stratification of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Several substitute staging sy...
Article
Crossed fused renal ectopia
Crossed fused renal ectopia refers to an anomaly where the kidneys are fused and located on the same side of the midline.
Epidemiology
The estimated incidence is around 1 out of 1000 births 1. There is a recognized male predilection with a 2:1 male to female ratio. More than 90% of crossed ren...
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