Articles
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More than 200 results
Article
Single phase CT angiographic collateral scores in acute stroke
There are several described single-phase CT angiography collateral scores for evaluating the status of collateral vessels in acute ischemic stroke. These scores have been shown to be reliable predictors of clinical outcomes and eligibility for endovascular clot retrieval 1.
Tan et al.
Based on...
Article
Tabar 5-tier grading system
The Tabar 5-tier grading system is used to classify mammographic lesions. This should not be confused with the Tabar classification of parenchymal patterns in breast imaging. It is a separate but translatable system to the BI-RADS classification system (please note that Tabar grade 3 ≠ BI-RADS 3...
Article
Entorhinal cortical atrophy score
The entorhinal cortical atrophy (ERICA) score has been developed as an alternative to the medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) score to help visually identify patients with Alzheimer disease by evaluating the entorhinal cortex for volume loss 1.
Usage
An ERICA score of 2 or 3 (see below) has bee...
Article
Grading of brachial plexus injuries
According to CT myelography, brachial plexus injuries can be classified into six types 1:
N type: normal root sleeve and nerve roots
A1 type: slightly deformed root sleeves and nerve roots as compared to unaffected site
A2 type: obliteration of the tip of root sleeves and deformed thickened n...
Article
Wiltse classification of spondylolisthesis
The Wilste classification of spondylolisthesis is based on the etiology of the slip but does not grade severity nor assist with management 1,2.
Usage
Typically, when reporting studies with spondylolisthesis, the Wiltse type is merely described without referring to its number, whereas the grade...
Article
Herring (Lateral Pillar) classification of Legg-Calvè-Perthes disease
Classification of Legg-Calvè-Perthes disease based on the height of the lateral pillar:
Group A : No involvement of the lateral pillar with no density changes identified.
Group B : at least 50% of the lateral pillar height maintained
Group C: less than 50% of the lateral pillar maintained
Th...
Article
International Classification of Diseases
The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) or International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems constitutes a diagnostic classification standard and tool for all health disorders including epidemiological, clinical, research and health management issues. It...
Article
Bethesda criteria of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer
The Bethesda criteria are an alternative to the Amsterdam criteria for the clinical diagnosis of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC).
Diagnosis of HNPCC is made if any of the following criteria are fulfilled:
Amsterdam criteria are met
2 or more HNPCC related malignancies
pa...
Article
Lugano classification (PET-CT treatment response)
The Lugano classification is a lymphoma staging system for non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphoma. This article outlines the classification's response to treatment based on PET-CT.
Also included in the classification are staging and response to treatment based on CT.
Scoring system
The Lugano clas...
Article
Kuwada classification of Achilles tendon tear
The Kuwada classification of Achilles tendon tear was proposed in 1990 4 and remains the most widely used system for describing Achilles tendon rupture.
Classification
Achilles tendon tears may be grouped (according to severity of the tear and degree of retraction) into four types:
type I: p...
Article
Necrotizing enterocolitis (staging)
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) can be staged into three groups, to guide appropriate treatment based on the work of Bell et al. 1. In general, stage I and II are managed medically whereas stage III is managed surgically.
stage I
clinical signs
lethargy, temperature instability, apnea, bradyc...
Article
Ficat and Arlet classification of osteonecrosis of the femoral head
The Ficat and Arlet classification uses a combination of plain radiographs, MRI, and clinical features to stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
Classification
stage 0
plain radiograph: normal
MRI: normal
clinical symptoms: nil
stage I
plain radiograph: normal or minor osteopenia
MRI: ...
Article
Milch classification of lateral humeral condyle fractures
The Milch classification is one of the classification systems that can be used for lateral humeral condyle fractures and splits these fractures into two groups depending on their relationship with the trochlear groove:
type I: fracture passes lateral to the trochlear groove into the capitulotro...
Article
Pulmonary edema grading
One pulmonary edema grading based on chest radiograph appearances and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) is as follows:
grade 0: normal chest radiograph, PCWP 8-12 mmHg
grade 1: shows evidence of upper lobe diversion on a chest radiograph, PCWP 13-18 mmHg
grade 2: shows interstitial ed...
Article
MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score (MOAKS)
MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score (MOAKS) is a semi-quantitative scoring tool that was developed from the Whole Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) and Boston Leeds Osteoarthritis Knee Score (BLOKS) scoring tools. MOAKS has been shown to have very good to excellent reliability.
Scoring
...
Article
Morgan and Superina classification of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts
The Morgan and Superina classification of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts is based on the absence (type 1) or presence (type 2) of intrahepatic portal blood supply 2.
Usage
This classification system is widely used (c. 2020) 2, although there is evidence that all congenital extrah...
Article
Garden classification of subcapital femoral neck fractures
The Garden classification of subcapital femoral neck fractures describes femoral neck fracture displacement and aims to assist in clinical decision-making to reduce the rates of non-union and osteonecrosis 1,2,4.
Usage
The Garden classification is the most commonly used system (c.2018) despit...
Article
National Early Warning Score (NEWS)
The National Early Warning Score (NEWS) is a validated clinical assessment tool developed by the Royal College of Physicians in the UK 1,2. In December 2017, NEWS2 was released superseding the original (2012) version. The score is widely used as part of the evaluation of an acutely unwell patien...
Article
Pfirrmann grading system (spine)
The Pfirrmann grading system is used to grade lumbosacral disc degeneration on T2-weighted images.
Usage
The Pfirrmann grading system is the most widely known classification for intervertebral disc degeneration and is used in both clinical and research contexts 2,3. The intra- and inter-observ...
Article
Penetration-aspiration scale
The penetration-aspiration scale (PAS) is a means of grading the severity of penetration or aspiration observed in a videofluoroscopic swallow study and is widely used 2.
The term aspiration is used for material that passes inferior to the level of the vocal folds. If material enters the larynx...
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