Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Contrast media extravasation
Contrast media extravasation (CMEV) refers to the leakage of intravenously administered contrast media from the normal intravascular compartment into surrounding soft tissues; it is a well-known complication of contrast-enhanced CT. It can also occur in MRI, but the complications are rare given ...
Article
F-18 DOPA
F-18 DOPA (3,4-dihydroxy-6-[18F]fluoro-L-phenylalanine) is a PET radiotracer primarily used in the evaluation of neuropsychiatric diseases, movement disorders, and brain malignancies 1.
Production
L-DOPA is the non-proteinogenic amino acid precursor to dopamine, with F-18 DOPA usually being s...
Article
Pediatric hand (oblique view)
The oblique hand view for pediatrics is part of a two view series examining the phalanges, metacarpals, carpal bones and distal radioulnar joint.
Indications
This view is useful in assessing suspected dislocations or fractures, localizing foreign bodies or evaluating juvenile idiopathic/rheuma...
Article
Pediatric elbow (horizontal beam lateral view)
The horizontal beam lateral elbow view for pediatrics is an alternative projection to the lateral view in the elbow series, examining the distal humerus, proximal radius and ulna.
Indications
This view demonstrates an orthogonal view of the AP elbow and is ideal for patients who are unable to...
Article
Effect of isolated pronation-supination (lateral wrist radiograph)
The wrist series is comprised of a posteroanterior, oblique, and lateral projection. The series examines the carpal bones (namely, the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate). It also examines the radiocarpal joint along with the distal radius and ulna....
Article
Step-oblique mammography
Step-oblique mammography is an accurate technique for determining whether a mammographic finding visible on multiple images on only one projection (but not elucidated using standard additional mammographic projections) represents a summation artifact or a true mass and for precisely localizing t...
Article
Lateral decubitus
The lateral decubitus position is a fundamental patient orientation employed in medical imaging. The patient lies on their side, either left or right, with the body's longitudinal axis perpendicular to the imaging table.
Terminology
By convention the side that is down in contact with the table...
Article
Saline flush during contrast medium administration
The saline flush during contrast medium administration, also known as a saline chaser, is a secondary injection following the administration of contrast medium via a power injector. It is used in both CT and MRI.
The primary purpose of the saline chaser is to ‘push’ the otherwise unused contras...
Article
Femoral torsion analysis
Femoral torsion analysis is used to assess the alignment of a femur post-surgery. If one side has been operated on it can be compared to the non-operated side.
Method
Superimpose axial images of ref:
femoral heads
the neck of femurs
femoral condyles
Draw a line from the center of the femor...
Article
Xenon-127
Xenon-127 is a radiopharmaceutical principally used when a performing VQ scan. It is not a widely used alternative to xenon-133 with the main advantage being a higher proton energy allowing for post perfusion scanning.
photon energy: 203 KeV
physical half life: 36.3 days
Article
Lower limb radiography
Lower limb radiography is the radiological investigation of the pelvis, hip joint, femur, knee joint, tibia, fibula, ankle joint, tarsal bones of the foot and metatarsals. It is often utilized in the context of trauma to rule out fractures and dislocations. Sometimes it can be used in skeletal s...
Article
Thermoluminescent dosimeter
Thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) is a passive radiation detection device that is used for personal dose monitoring or to measure patient dose.
Parts
plastic holder
nickel-coated aluminum card with TLD discs
the discs are made of a thermoluminescent material, commonly calcium sulphate doped...
Article
Computed radiography
Computed radiography (CR) is the use of photostimulable phosphor as an image receptor. The image receptor is held in a similar casing (cassette) to that of the traditional film screen. Computed radiography harnesses the absorption of radiation, trapping electrons at energy levels via the process...
Article
Abdominal imaging (dual-energy CT)
The role of dual energy CT is becoming increasingly more prevalent abdominal imaging due to the availability of scanners and increasing field of research.
Acute bowel ischemia
The addition of iodine maps and 40-keV monoenergetic images to standard single energy CT images was found to increase ...
Article
Clavicle (AP view)
The clavicle AP view is a standard projection part of the clavicle series. The projection demonstrates the shoulder in its natural anatomical position allowing for adequate radiographic examination of the entire clavicle.
Indications
The AP clavicle is often indicated in patients with suspecte...
Article
Pediatric abdomen (invertogram view)
The invertogram view is an additional projection to demonstrate the pediatric abdomen and is often used exclusively in characterizing anal atresia. However, as this view may be less comfortable for the patient and result in a more technically challenging examination, a more ideal alternative tec...
Article
Femur (lateral view)
The lateral femur view is part of a standard series examining the femur in its entirety, including the hip and knee joint. Due to the limitations of the image detector, these projections are often performed in two images per view to ensure inclusion of both knee and hip joints.
Indications
Thi...
Article
Pediatric chest (AP erect view)
The anteroposterior erect chest view is ideal in younger cooperative pediatric patients (approximately 3-7 years old; this age range is only a guide). This chest view examines the lungs, bony thoracic cavity, mediastinum and great vessels.
Indications
The AP erect view is often chosen over th...
Article
Deep endometriosis (transvaginal ultrasound)
Transvaginal ultrasound (TV) for deep endometriosis is a specialized ultrasound technique used for the detection of deep endometriosis (DE). It differs from a traditional pelvic ultrasound in that the scan is extended beyond the uterus and ovaries to assess the anterior and posterior pelvic comp...
Article
Skull radiography
Skull radiography is the radiological investigation of the skull vault and associated bony structures. Seldom requested in modern medicine, plain radiography of the skull is often the last resort in trauma imaging in the absence of a CT.
Indications
Skull radiographs are indicated for a variet...
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