Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Stepladder sign (disambiguation)
Stepladder sign may refer to:
intracapsular breast implant rupture (ultrasound)
gas-fluid levels in obstructed small bowel (erect abdominal radiograph)
Article
Primary osteosarcoma (breast)
Primary osteosarcoma of the breast, a.k.a. extraskeletal osteosarcoma of breast, is an uncommon breast malignancy and is a subtype of extraskeletal osteosarcoma.
Epidemiology
While it can present in a wide are group, the peak age at presentation is around the 6th decade 7.
Pathology
The pre...
Article
Intracystic papillary carcinoma (breast)
An intracystic papillary carcinoma of the breast is a type of papillary carcinoma of the breast. It accounts for a significant proportion of intracystic breast cancers.
Epidemiology
As with papillary carcinomas in general, it tends to occur in postmenopausal women.
Pathology
Pathologically, ...
Article
Coarse macrocalcifications within the breast
Coarse macrocalcifications within the breast are a morphological descriptive term for a type of breast calcification.
Epidemiology
Associations
involuting fibroadenomas (classic popcorn calcification)
chronic renal disease with hypercalcemia 1
rarely seen in malignancy 2
invasive breast c...
Article
Dystrophic calcification within the breast
Dystrophic calcifications within the breast are usually seen as small macrocalcifications with relatively smooth margins.
Pathology
They are generally considered benign and can occur in a number of situations which include:
evolving mammary fat necrosis
post reduction mammoplasty 2
post tra...
Article
Round breast calcification
Round breast calcifications are a mammographic descriptor of typically benign breast calcifications characterized by a round shape. In the 5th edition BI-RADS lexicon, the morphologic descriptor encompasses punctate calcifications, but the latter term more specifically applies to such calcificat...
Article
Paget disease (disambiguation)
Paget disease can refer to:
Paget disease of bone
Paget disease of breast
extramammary Paget disease
History and etymology
These conditions are named after Sir James Paget (1814-1899) 1,2, British surgeon and pathologist.
Article
Skin thickening on mammography (differential)
The presence of skin thickening on mammography is variably defined, usually being more than 2 mm in thickness. It can result from a number of both benign and malignant causes. They include:
Malignant
inflammatory breast cancer: one of the most concerning causes of skin thickening: this usually...
Article
Accessory breast tissue
Accessory breast tissue, also known as polymastia, is a relatively common congenital condition in which abnormal accessory breast tissue is seen in addition to the presence of normal breast tissue. This normal variant can present as a mass anywhere along the course of the embryologic mammary str...
Article
Radial scar
Radial scar, or complex sclerosing lesion, is a rosette-like proliferative breast lesion. It is not related to surgical scarring. Some authors, however, reserve the latter term to lesions over 1 cm 5.
It is an idiopathic process with sclerosing ductal hyperplasia.
Its significance is that it...
Article
Albert Salomon
Albert Salomon (1883-1976), a German surgeon, was the first physician to study x-rays of breast tissue.
Development of mammography
Salomon worked at the Royal Surgical University Clinic in Berlin and from about 1913 x-rayed 3000 breast specimens obtained from the morgue in an attempt to identi...
Article
Air-tissue interface sign - breast
Air-tissue interface sign on mammography in cases where the mass is located on the skin helps to distinguish it from intra-mammary mass so that in the skin-based lesion, due to the presence of air in the vicinity of a part of the margin, its border is pretty sharp and a narrow lucent rim around ...
Article
Atypical lobular hyperplasia
Atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH) is a pre-malignant lesion of the breast which falls at the milder end of the spectrum of lobular neoplasia. It is therefore considered a part of borderline breast disease.
Clinical presentation
It is usually asymptomatic and mammographically occult and is in...
Article
Complex cystic and solid breast mass
A complex cystic and solid breast mass, also known as a complex breast cyst, is a morphological type of breast cyst along with simple breast cysts and complicated breast cysts. Complex breast cysts are defined as cysts with thick walls, thick septa, intracystic masses, or other discrete solid co...
Article
Montgomery glands
Montgomery glands are large sebaceous glands in the breast, representing a transition between a mammary gland and a sweat gland.
Gross anatomy
Located within the nipple-areolar complex, Montgomery glands open onto the skin surface via protrusions on the skin known as Montgomery tubercles. They...
Article
Sclerosing lobular hyperplasia of breast
Sclerosing lobular hyperplasia (SLH) of the breast, also known as fibro-adenomatoid mastopathy, is an uncommon benign proliferative breast lesion.
Epidemiology
It tends to occur more often in adolescent and young adult patients (peak age in the thirties). In the United States, there may be a g...
Article
CA 15-3
CA 15-3 is a tumor marker used in monitoring breast cancer. The test detects levels of MUC-1, a mucin protein in the blood. MUC-1 is thought to be important in the invasiveness and metastasization of cancer cells.
Physiology
Mucin-1 is a normal epithelial cellular glycoprotein localized to the...
Article
Ductal adenoma of the breast
A ductal adenoma of the breast is a benign glandular tumor of the breast that usually fills and distends the ductal lumen.
Epidemiology
They may occur in women of all ages, although the majority of patients are 60 years of age or greater 3.
Clinical presentation
Ductal adenomas usually prese...
Article
Breast hamartoma
Breast hamartomas, also known as fibroadenolipomas, are benign breast lesions. They are typified by a "breast within a breast" appearance on mammogram.
Epidemiology
They typically occur in women older than 35 years of age.
Clinical presentation
Breast hamartomas most commonly are asymptomat...
Article
High risk breast lesion
The term high-risk breast lesion is given to a breast lesion that carries an increased risk for the future development of breast cancer or carries suspicion of a more sinister pathology around or in association with the lesion. The term has some overlap with borderline breast disease. Many radio...
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