Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Left atrial enlargement
Left atrial enlargement (LAE) may result from many conditions, either congenital or acquired. It has some characteristic findings on a frontal chest radiograph. CT or MRI may also be used for diagnosis.
Clinical presentation
An enlarged left atrium can have many clinical implications, such as:...
Article
Aortic arch view (fetal echocardiogram)
An aortic arch view is one of the additional views performed on fetal obstetric ultrasound - fetal echocardiography. It is an oblique sagittal view which is obtained similar to a left anterior oblique angiogram or the sagittal arch view obtained in CT arteriography. The isthmus, after the origin...
Article
Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion
Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) also known as tricuspid annular motion refers to the displacement of the tricuspid valvular plane in the z-direction, reflects right ventricular longitudinal contraction or shortening.
Usage
Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion can be me...
Article
Cor triatriatum
Cor triatriatum is an extremely rare and serious congenital cardiac anomaly. It is characterized by the presence of a fibromuscular membrane that divides the left or right atrium into two chambers (depending on the subtype).
Epidemiology
It is thought to account for ~0.1% of all congenital ca...
Article
Erdheim-Chester disease
Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare non-Langerhans cell, non-familial multisystemic histiocytosis, with widespread manifestations and of highly variable severity. The most common presenting symptom is bone pain.
Epidemiology
Erdheim-Chester disease is a rare, non-inherited disease of middl...
Article
Carotid pacemaker
Carotid pacemakers, also known as implantable carotid sinus stimulators, are devices that deliver activation energy, via carotid leads, to the carotid baroreceptors. This is sometimes offered for drug-resistant hypertension. The baroreceptors send signals to the brain and the signals are interpr...
Article
Body imaging
Body imaging is the term assigned to cross-sectional imaging of the body, which radiologically refers to the chest, abdomen and pelvis. It is often used by radiologists who report this region (sometimes known as body imagers/radiologists) to differentiate their primary area of interest from othe...
Article
Third mogul sign
The third mogul sign can be seen on frontal chest radiograph in the presence of left atrial enlargement. It refers to an extra mogul or bump along the upper left cardiac silhouette just below the left main bronchus.
The third mogul sign commonly represents the enlarged left atrial appendage, pa...
Article
Intraventricular
Intraventricular is a term used to denote lesions/processes that occur within either the ventricles of the brain or the ventricles of the heart.
In both cases, most lesions actually arise from the surrounding brain parenchyma/heart muscle and grow exophytically into the ventricles.
See also
...
Article
Double outlet left ventricle
Double outlet left ventricle (DOLV) is an extremely rare congenital cardiac anomaly where both the aorta and pulmonary trunk arise from the anatomical left ventricle. It is usually classified as a conotruncal anomaly and is often associated with a ventricular septal defect with normal continuity...
Article
Lutembacher syndrome
Lutembacher syndrome refers to the rare combination of congenital atrial septal defect with acquired mitral stenosis.
History and etymology
It is named after Rene Lutembacher 4.
Article
Familial hypercholesterolemia
Familial hypercholesterolemia is a common autosomal dominant 1 condition resulting in hyperlipidemia.
Epidemiology
1 in 200 individuals are estimated to be carriers of at least one gene associated with familial hypercholesterolemia 1.
Pathology
Features of hyperlipidemia such as early/exces...
Article
Pediatric cardiovascular procedures
A number of pediatric cardiovascular procedures are encountered when reporting pediatric imaging. They include:
Blalock-Taussig (BT) shunt
classic: end to side subclavian to ipsilateral pulmonary arterial anastomosis
modified: graft anastomosis
Waterston shunt
Sano shunt: right ventricle to...
Article
Coronary arteriovenous fistula
Coronary arteriovenous fistulas (CAVFs) are rare coronary artery anomalies whereby there is a fistula between a coronary artery and, most commonly, the right side of the cardiac circulation.
Terminology
Although a CAVF, in the strictest sense of the term, implies a communication between the c...
Article
Left circumflex arising from right coronary sinus
Left circumflex (LCx) arising from right coronary sinus (RCA) is a coronary arterial variant.
Epidemiology
It is considered the most common coronary anomaly with prevalence range of around 0.37-1.3 % of all patients.
Subtypes
According to some publications, anomalous LCx is divided into 3 ty...
Article
Cardiac tamponade
Cardiac tamponade is the result of an accumulation of fluid, pus, blood, gas, or benign or malignant neoplastic tissue within the pericardial cavity, which can occur either rapidly or gradually over time, but eventually, results in impaired cardiac output.
This is to be distinguished from a per...
Article
T2* mapping - myocardium
T2* mapping is a magnetic resonance imaging technique used to calculate the T2* time of tissue and display them voxel-vice on a parametric map. It is used for myocardial tissue characterization 1-4 and has been investigated for other tissues 5,6.
Clinical applications
T2* relaxation time has b...
Article
Cardiac segmentation model
The American Heart Association (AHA) has published the nomenclature and segmentation of the left ventricular myocardium (the cardiac segmentation model), now widely used for the description of disease-affected myocardial territories and wall function.
There are 17 segments that have a reasonabl...
Article
Cyanotic congenital heart disease
A number of entities can present as cyanotic congenital heart disease. These can be divided into those with increased (pulmonary plethora) or decreased pulmonary vascularity:
increased pulmonary vascularity
total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) (types I and II)
transposition of the ...
Article
Tetralogy of fallot (mnemonic)
A mnemonic for the underlying anatomic defects in tetralogy of Fallot is:
PROVe
Mnemonic
P: pulmonary stenosis
R: right ventricular hypertrophy
O: overriding aorta
V: ventricular septal defect
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