Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Sarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis is a non-caseating granulomatous multisystem disease with a wide range of clinical and radiographic manifestations.
Individual systemic manifestations are discussed in respective articles:
pulmonary and mediastinal manifestations
cardiac manifestations
musculoskeletal manifest...
Article
Empyema vs pulmonary abscess
Distinguishing between an empyema and a peripherally located pulmonary abscess is essential.
A pulmonary abscess is usually managed with prolonged antibiotics and physiotherapy with postural drainage, whereas an empyema usually requires percutaneous or surgical drainage.
Radiographic features
...
Article
Bronchocentricity
Bronchocentricity (or bronchocentric distribution) describes a process in the lungs that is centered around bronchi (or bronchioles). The term centrilobular is commonly used for peribronchiolar disease. Because of the parallel relationship of bronchi and pulmonary arteries these processes are al...
Article
Pneumoconiosis
Pneumoconioses are a broad group of lung diseases that are usually categorized as resulting from inhalation of inorganic dust particles 10. They are therefore considered part of the spectrum of inhalational lung diseases, and also occupational lung diseases.
Epidemiology
Associations
Caplan s...
Article
Bronchial arterial aneurysm
Bronchial arterial aneurysm refers to any form of aneurysmal dilatation involving any segment of the bronchial artery. The term is sometimes used synonymously with a bronchial arterial pseudoaneurysm 2.
Epidemiology
They are a rare entity and are reported in <1% of those who undergo selective ...
Article
Upper lobe pulmonary fibrosis
Upper lobe predominant pulmonary fibrosis can be associated with a number of pathologies. These include
cystic fibrosis: see pulmonary manifestations of cystic fibrosis
pulmonary sarcoidosis
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
pulmonary tuberculosis
pneumoconioses, e.g. silicosis
allergic bronch...
Article
Centrilobular lung nodules
Centrilobular lung nodules are an HRCT chest imaging descriptor for 5-10 mm lung nodules anatomically located centrally within secondary pulmonary lobules. The term is applied based on the nodule's location, not its morphology; they may appear as well-defined solid or poorly-defined ground glass...
Article
Heart
The heart is a hollow, muscular organ of the middle mediastinum, designed to pump oxygenated blood around the systemic circulation and deoxygenated blood around the pulmonary circulation.
Gross anatomy
The heart has a somewhat pyramidal form and is enclosed by the pericardium. Its base (roughl...
Article
Aspergillus fumigatus
Aspergillus fumigatus is a fungus of the genus Aspergillus, and is one of the most common Aspergillus species to cause disease in immunocompromised individuals.
A. fumigatus is a saprotroph (an organism that gets its energy from non-living organic matter) that is widespread in nature, typically...
Article
Leflunomide induced acute interstitial pneumonia
Leflunomide induced acute interstitial pneumonia is a form of drug induced interstitial lung disease. The precipitation of radiological evidence of pulmonary infiltrates, clinical acute respiratory illness in the context of a good temporal relationship with commencement of the agent and no clear...
Article
Acute interstitial pneumonia
Acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP), also known as Hamman-Rich syndrome, is a rapidly progressive non-infectious interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology. It is considered the only acute process among the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias.
Terminology
Acute interstitial pneumonia has a s...
Article
Pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PH-COPD) can be a common complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and usually manifests as mild to moderate pulmonary hypertension in those with advanced COPD. Pulmonary arterial pressures in this situatio...
Article
Medial breast margin sign
The medial breast margin sign is a sign of pectus excavatum seen on the frontal chest radiographs of women. It is one of several described signs of pectus excavatum on frontal chest radiographs.
Radiographic features
Plain radiograph
Women with pectus excavatum may have a more vertically ori...
Article
Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias
The idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) are diffuse interstitial lung diseases of unknown cause. They are characterized by cellular infiltration of the interstitial compartment of the lung with varying degrees of inflammation and fibrosis.
Classification
Over the years many attempts have...
Article
Inferior pulmonary ligament
The inferior pulmonary ligament (or just the pulmonary ligament) is a normal anatomical structure that is often seen on chest x-ray and CT chest.
Gross anatomy
The inferior pulmonary ligament is a fused triangular-shaped sheet of parietal and visceral pleura that extends from the hilum to the...
Article
N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate pulmonary embolism
N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate pulmonary embolism is a potentially life-threatening complication that can arise following the use of the tissue glue, butyl-cyanoacrylate, for endoscopic sclerotherapy to treat variceal bleeding.
Epidemiology
Sclerosis with biological glue (butyl cyanoacrylate) is cons...
Article
Gastropleural fistula
A gastropleural fistula is a pathological communication between the stomach and the pleural cavity.
Clinical presentation
Gastropleural fistula usually presents acutely, and may be related to a recent history of surgery. However, depending on the size of the fistula, patients with gastropleura...
Article
Mediastinal yolk sac tumor
Mediastinal yolk sac tumors or yolk sac tumors of the mediastinum are malignant non-seminomatous germ cell tumors primarily growing in the mediastinum.
Terminology
The term ‘endodermal sinus tumor’ is not recommended.
Epidemiology
Mediastinal yolk sac tumors are rare mediastinal tumors. In a...
Article
Saber-sheath trachea
Saber-sheath trachea refers to a diffuse coronal narrowing of the intrathoracic portion of the trachea with the concomitant widening of the sagittal diameter. It is not uncommon and is pathognomonic for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 1.
The sagittal:coronal diameter is over 2:1 2...
Article
Coin lesion (lung)
A coin lesion refers to a round or oval, well-circumscribed solitary pulmonary lesion. It is usually 1-5 cm in diameter and calcification may or may not be present 1,3. Typically but not always the patient is asymptomatic 1.
Differential diagnosis
The differential diagnosis for such lesions i...
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