22 results found
Article
Haglund syndrome
Haglund syndrome refers to the triad (Haglund triad) of:
insertional Achilles tendinopathy
retrocalcaneal bursitis
Haglund deformity (i.e. posterosuperior calcaneal exostosis)
Terminology
Haglund syndrome is a painful condition of the heel and its diagnosis requires a combinatio...
Article
Atypical neurofibromatous neoplasms of uncertain biologic potential (ANNUBP)
Atypical neurofibromas and atypical neurofibromatous neoplasms of uncertain biologic potential (collectively AN/ANNUBP) refer to neurofibromas with atypical histological features. They are considered premalignant with an increased risk of progressing to a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor....
Article
Bone metastases
Bone (skeletal) metastases are the third most frequent behind lung and liver metastases 6. They result in significant morbidity in patients with metastatic disease. Although the diagnosis is often straightforward, especially as in many cases there is a well-documented history of metastatic malig...
Article
Serous cystadenoma of the pancreas
Serous cystadenoma of the pancreas, also referred as microcystic adenoma, is an uncommon type of benign cystic pancreatic neoplasm.
Epidemiology
There is a recognized strong female predilection (M:F ~ 1:4) and usually presents in middle age to elderly patients (>60 years of age).
Associatio...
Article
Hysterosalpingogram
A hysterosalpingogram (HSG) is a fluoroscopic examination of the uterus and the fallopian tubes, most commonly used in the investigation of infertility or recurrent spontaneous abortions.
Indications
infertility: to assess uterine morphology and tubal patency
Contraindications
pregnancy
act...
Article
Hepatic myelolipoma
Hepatic myelolipoma is a rare, benign fat-containing lesion of the liver, usually asymptomatic and found incidentally. Its diagnosis by imaging remains difficult because of a lack of pathognomonic signs. The definite diagnosis is by resection or biopsy.
Epidemiology
Hepatic myelolipomas are ...
Article
Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation
Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations (VGAMs), probably better termed as median prosencephalic arteriovenous fistulas, are uncommon intracranial anomalies that tend to present dramatically during early childhood with features of a left-to-right shunt and high-output cardiac failure.
Epidemiolo...
Article
Hydatid disease
Hydatid cysts result from infection by the Echinococcus tapeworm species and can result in cyst formation anywhere in the body.
Epidemiology
Cystic echinococcosis has a worldwide geographical distribution. The Mediterranean basin is an important endemic area 6,7.
Pathology
There are two main...
Article
Synovial folds
Synovial folds or synovial plicae are remnant duplications of synovium formed during embryonic development.
They are of particular interest and commonly described in the knee, elbow and hip joint but can be also found in other joints 1-4.
Terminology
The term ‘plica’ is commonly used if a syn...
Article
Intramuscular myxoma
Intramuscular myxomas are a rare benign type of soft tissue myxoma that is mesenchymal in origin.
Epidemiology
Incidence is reported to be 1 in 1 000 000 and most frequently diagnosed in females (~57%) patients between 40-70 years 1.
Clinical presentation
The typical presentation is that of...
Article
Chest (lateral view)
The lateral chest view examines the lungs, bony thoracic cavity, mediastinum, and great vessels.
Indications
This orthogonal view to a frontal chest radiograph may be performed as an adjunct in cases where there is diagnostic uncertainty. The lateral chest view can be particularly useful in as...
Article
Benign post-traumatic pseudopneumoperitoneum
Benign post-traumatic pseudopneumoperitoneum is the presence of ectopic gas typically between the 5th-10th intercostal spaces after high-energy trauma in the absence of other causes of pseudopneumoperitoneum such as pneumomediastinum 9.
Epidemiology
Occurs with an incidence of 5% post-trauma...
Article
Transient ischemic attack
Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) describe a transient episode of neurological dysfunction caused by focal brain, spinal cord, or retinal ischemia, without acute infarction.
Terminology
In the past, transient ischemic attack was arbitrarily distinguished from stroke by the duration of neurolo...
Article
Posterior mediastinal mass in the exam
Getting a film with a posterior mediastinal mass in the exam is one of the many exam set-pieces that can be prepared for.
Description
On this frontal chest radiograph, there is a soft-tissue density mass adjacent to the right upper mediastinum with thickening of the right paravertebral stripe...
Article
Endovascular clot retrieval (ECR)
Endovascular clot retrieval (ECR), also known as mechanical thrombectomy (MT) or endovascular thrombectomy (EVT), is increasingly performed in patients presenting with large vessel occlusion (LVO), especially those with a large ischemic penumbra that is likely to progress to ischemic stroke. To ...
Article
Pediatric chest (lateral view)
The pediatric lateral chest view may be performed as an adjunct to a frontal chest radiograph in cases where there is diagnostic uncertainty.
Indications
The lateral chest view examines the lungs, bony thoracic cavity, mediastinum, and great vessels. Lateral radiographs can be particularly use...
Article
Hardware failure
Orthopedic implant or hardware failure refers to the failure of the implant to live up to its expected requirements with respect to the manufacturer's or the surgeon's allegations. This includes any complication directly related to the implant such as wear, fractures, dissociations and dislocati...
Article
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a type of heart failure with normal or near-normal ejection fraction and objective evidence of diastolic dysfunction.
Terminology
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction was initially termed ‘diastolic heart failure' and was repl...
Article
Methotrexate induced pneumonitis
Methotrexate induced pneumonitis is characterized by interstitial inflammation of the lung parenchyma which can be life-threatening. Methotrexate induced pneumonitis falls under a subtype under the broader category of methotrexate induced lung disease.
Diagnosis of methotrexate-induced pneumoni...
Article
Fluoroscopy guided lumbar puncture
Fluoroscopy-guided lumbar puncture (LP) is a minimally invasive, image-guided diagnostic and therapeutic procedure that involves the removal of a small volume of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from, or an injection of medication or other substance (e.g. radiotracer, chemotherapy agents) into the lumb...
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