Search results for “COPD”
353 results found
Article
COPD (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is defined as a condition characterized by persistent air flow limitation that is usually progressive and associated with an enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airways...
Article
Pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PH-COPD) can be a common complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and usually manifests as mild to moderate pulmonary hypertension in those with advanced COPD. Pulmonary arterial pressures in this situatio...
Article
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents a spectrum of obstructive airway diseases. It includes two key components which are chronic bronchitis-small airways disease and emphysema.
Epidemiology
The most common cause has historically been (and unfortunately continues to be) ciga...
Article
Advanced destructive emphysema
Advanced destructive emphysema (ADE) is one of the proposed subtypes of classifying emphysema (primarily centrilobular emphysema). It is considered the most severe from and is panlobular radiolucencies characterized by hyperexpansion of secondary pulmonary lobules and distortion of pulmonary arc...
Article
Confluent centrilobular emphysema
Confluent centrilobular emphysema is one of the proposed subtypes of classifying emphysema (primarily centrilobular emphysema). It is considered the second most severe from (although not as severe as advanced destructive emphysema) and characterized by coalescent centrilobular or lobular lucenci...
Article
Dynamic tracheal collapse
Dynamic tracheal collapse refers to collapse of the trachea during expiration. It is perhaps best assessed on CT in the end expiratory phase. An inspiratory series is also useful for comparative purposes. The term excessive dynamic airway collapse (EDAC) refers to abnormal and exaggerated bulgin...
Article
Chest (expiratory view)
An expiratory chest radiograph can be taken in either a PA or AP projection, and can also be taken with a mobile/portable unit.
Chest radiographs may inadvertently be acquired in expiration (instead of inspiration), and this will affect interpretation with the cardiac silhouette appearing enla...
Article
Psoriasis (pulmonary manifestations)
Pulmonary manifestations of psoriasis is uncommon and only thought to represent a small percentage of patients. They can include:
interstitial lung disease 1
only thought to affect around 2% of patients with psoriasis
may be seen as ground-glass and/or irregular linear (reticular) opacities i...
Article
Paratracheal air cyst
Paratracheal air cysts are not an uncommon incidental finding in routine thoracic imaging. They characteristically occur on the right side, in the region of the thoracic inlet. Occasionally they may mimic pneumomediastinum, so-called pseudopneumomediastinum.
Terminology
Paratracheal air cysts ...
Article
Tracheal diverticulum
Tracheal diverticula, also known as tracheoceles, are usually an incidental finding. Occasionally they may mimic pneumomediastinum, a so-called pseudopneumomediastinum.
Terminology
There is an overlap in the use and description of the terms paratracheal air cyst and a tracheal diverticulum in ...
Article
Accessory muscles of respiration
Accessory muscles of respiration refer to muscles that provide assistance to the main breathing muscles, mainly when additional power is needed, for example during exercise or those with airway pathologies (e.g. COPD) 1,2.
During normal quiet breathing, inspiration is an active process primaril...
Article
Coal mine dust lung disease
Coal mine dust lung disease encompasses a number of occupational lung diseases 1,2:
coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP)
mixed dust pneumoconiosis
silicosis
dust-related diffuse fibrosis
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Article
Pneumothorax in the exam
Getting a film with a pneumothorax in the exam is one of the many exam set-pieces that can be prepared for.
It is unlikely that they will give you a simple pneumothorax - so, it is worthwhile considering the likely causes and whether it is under tension. Miss it at your peril (both in real li...
Article
Lung hyperinflation
Lung hyperinflation is a common feature of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is also linked to aging and other chronic diseases that cause airflow obstruction.
Pathology
The airflow limitation during expiration is produced by two factors:
destruction of the lung p...
Article
Chest (lateral view)
The lateral chest view examines the lungs, bony thoracic cavity, mediastinum, and great vessels.
Indications
This orthogonal view to a frontal chest radiograph may be performed as an adjunct in cases where there is diagnostic uncertainty. The lateral chest view can be particularly useful in as...
Article
FEV1/FVC ratio
The FEV1/FVC ratio (FEV1%), also known as the Tiffeneau-Pinelli index, is a spirometric parameter and refers to a calculated ratio which represents the proportion of a patients vital capacity that they are able to expire in the first second of forced expiration.
FEV1% is used in the diagnosis a...
Article
Obstructive lung disease
The term obstructive lung disease is usually a spirometric term whereby the small airways are partially obstructed by a pathological condition.
It is usually characterized by some form of airway obstruction. In these patients narrowing (obstruction) of the smaller bronchi and larger bronchioles...
Article
Dark-field radiography
Dark-field radiography is an emerging medical imaging technology. While conventional x-ray imaging is based on the differential attenuation of various organs and tissues, dark-field radiography utilizes ultra-small angle x-ray scattering similar to dark-field computed tomography.
Clinical appli...
Article
Pulmonary emphysema
Pulmonary emphysema is defined as the "abnormal permanent enlargement of the airspaces distal to the terminal bronchioles accompanied by destruction of the alveolar wall and without obvious fibrosis" 1. Emphysema is best evaluated on CT, although indirect signs may be noticed on conventional rad...
Article
Community-acquired pneumonia
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) refers to pneumonia caused by an infectious agent that is contracted in the general population, and not whilst in a medical facility, or from contact with the healthcare system. A diagnosis of CAP may still be reached up to 48 hours post-admission to hospital 2...
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