Search results for “ophthalmology”
227 results found
Article
Globe rupture
Globe rupture is an ophthalmologic emergency. A ruptured globe or an open-globe injury must be assessed in any patient who has suffered orbital trauma because open-globe injuries are a major cause of blindness.
In blunt trauma, ruptures are most common just posterior to the insertions of the re...
Article
Susac syndrome
Susac syndrome, also known as retinocochleocerebral vasculopathy or SICRET syndrome (small infarctions of cochlear, retinal and encephalic tissue), is a rare syndrome typically affecting young to middle-aged women that is clinically characterized by the triad of acute or subacute encephalopathy,...
Article
General overview of Radiopaedia.org
Radiopaedia.org is a rapidly growing peer-reviewed open-edit radiology resource primarily compiled by radiologists and radiology residents/registrars and fellows from across the globe. The site aims to create the best radiology reference available, and to make it available for free, forever and ...
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Hutchinson sign (disambiguation)
The Hutchinson sign can refer to two clinical signs.
Hutchinson sign (ophthalmology)
Relates to involvement of the tip of the nose from facial herpes zoster. It implies involvement of the external nasal branch of the nasociliary nerve (branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve...
Article
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (orbital manifestations)
Ophthalmologic manifestations of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is not uncommon and can occur in either the classic or limited form of the disease.
For a general discussion of the condition, please refer to the main article on granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). For other organ-spec...
Article
Trochlear nerve palsy
Trochlear nerve palsies, or fourth nerve palsies, result in weakness of the superior oblique muscle.
Clinical presentation
Vertical diplopia and ipsilateral hypertropia in the absence of ptosis, combined with a head tilt away from the affected side, are strongly suggestive of trochlear nerve p...
Article
Orbital compartment syndrome
Orbital compartment syndrome is an ophthalmological emergency referring to an increased intraorbital pressure that may lead to permanent visual impairment if left untreated.
Clinical presentation
Findings on exam may include:
decreased visual acuity 6
globe palpably tense and resistant to ma...
Article
Stenosing tenosynovitis
A stenosing tenosynovitis is a specific form of tenosynovitis typically affecting the tendons that run through osseofibrous tunnels, each enclosed in its own synovial sheath. The tunnel itself lies over cortical bone and is covered by a structure referred to (depending on the location) as a pull...
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Ocular depressors
The ocular depressors are the extra-ocular muscles responsible for depression of the globe:
inferior rectus (primary function)
superior oblique (secondary function)
Article
Oscillopsia
Oscillopsia (also known as Dandy syndrome or jumbling of the panorama) is the inability to maintain horizon while walking, and for many is an extremely unpleasant sensation.
Since our heads bob up and down while walking, the otolithic system controls eye movement to maintain a constant horizon ...
Article
Choroidal hemangioma
Choroidal hemangiomas are benign vascular hamartomatous tumors of the choroid. They present in two forms based on the extent of choroidal involvement:
circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CCH): solitary tumor with no systemic associations.
diffuse choroidal hemangioma (DCH): usually in associat...
Article
Mpox
Mpox, previously known as monkeypox, is a rare zoonosis caused by an orthopoxvirus and in general, produces a mild flu-like illness and rash in humans. Virologically and clinically the condition is similar to smallpox, the first and only viral disease to be eradicated by humans. In 2022, a new o...
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Retrobulbar hemorrhage
Retrobulbar hemorrhage is the presence of a post septal orbital hematoma and is usually due to craniofacial trauma causing an extraconal hematoma. It may cause orbital compartment syndrome which is an ophthalmologic emergency.
Clinical features
If small, there may be no orbital or ocular sympt...
Article
Cutis verticis gyrata
Cutis verticis gyrata is a rare progressive dermatological condition characterized by excessive skin folds in the scalp, resembling the surface of the cerebral cortex.
Epidemiology
It occurs more commonly in males, with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 5:1 1.
Clinical presentation
Pat...
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Choroidal detachment
Choroidal detachment is a detachment of the choroid from the underlying sclera due to the accumulation of fluid in the suprachoroidal space generally due to increased intraocular pressure (IOP), as observed in some settings:
choroidal effusion
transudative: trauma
exudative: fluid accumulatin...
Article
Optic nerve sheath meningioma
Optic nerve meningiomas are benign tumors arising from the arachnoid cap cells of the optic nerve sheath and represent ~20% of all orbital meningiomas, the majority of which are direct extensions from intracranial meningiomas.
These tumors typically appear as masses within the optic nerve, iso...
Article
Wheel within a wheel sign (hepatic candidiasis)
The wheel within a wheel sign describes one of several possible ultrasound findings of hepatic candidiasis. The finding consists of a round lesion with three layers corresponding to the following histopathological changes 2:
peripheral hypoechoic area (fibrosis)
middle hyperechoic area (inflam...
Article
Ocular elevators
The ocular elevators are the extra-ocular muscles responsible for elevation of the globe:
superior rectus (primary function)
inferior oblique (secondary function)
Article
Ocular internal rotators
The ocular internal (medial) rotators are the extra-ocular muscles responsible for internal rotation (intorsion) of the globe:
superior oblique (primary function)
superior rectus (secondary function)
Article
Ocular abductors
The ocular abductors are the extra-ocular muscles responsible for abduction of the globe:
lateral rectus (primary function)
superior oblique (tertiary function)
inferior oblique (tertiary function)
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