117 results found
Article
Ovarian cyst
Ovarian cysts are commonly encountered in gynecological imaging and vary widely in etiology from physiological to complex benign to neoplastic.
Pathology
Small cystic ovarian structures should be considered normal ovarian follicles unless the patient is pre-pubertal, post-menopausal, pregnant,...
Article
Ruptured ovarian cyst
Ruptured ovarian cysts are one of the most common causes of acute pelvic pain in premenopausal women. The sonographic appearance depends on whether a simple or hemorrhagic ovarian cyst ruptures, and whether the cyst has completely collapsed. The most important differential consideration is a rup...
Article
Hemorrhagic ovarian cyst
Hemorrhagic ovarian cysts usually result from hemorrhage into a corpus luteum or other functional cyst. Radiographic features are variable depending on the age of the hemorrhage. They typically resolve within 8 weeks.
Clinical presentation
Patients may present with sudden-onset pelvic pain, p...
Article
Functional ovarian cyst
A functional ovarian cyst is a term given to a group of non neoplastic type of ovarian cysts. A large proportion of ovarian cysts detected on imaging are functional ovarian cysts. Entities that fall under this group include
ovarian follicular cysts
corpus luteum cysts
theca lutein cysts
Func...
Article
Fetal ovarian cyst
Fetal ovarian cysts refer to an ovarian cyst detected antenatally in a female fetus. They are relatively uncommon and are usually diagnosed in the 3rd trimester 5.
Epidemiology
From autopsy studies, they are found in up to 30% of fetuses 1.
Pathology
The exact etiology is not well known at t...
Article
Ovarian follicular cyst
An ovarian follicular cyst is type of simple physiological ovarian cyst.
Terminology
The terms "ovarian cyst" and "ovarian follicular cyst" are often used interchangeably. These two terms describe lesions >3 cm, and it is important to differentiate them from an "ovarian follicle" which is <3 c...
Article
Tip of the iceberg sign (ovarian dermoid cyst)
Tip of the iceberg sign refers to one of the characteristic appearances of an ovarian dermoid cyst. If there are echogenic cyst contents of sebum and hair, they cause marked posterior acoustic attenuation so that only the superficial part of the cyst is seen. Just like an iceberg, you may only b...
Article
Dot dash pattern (ovarian dermoid cyst)
The dot-dash pattern (dermoid mesh) is one of the characteristic sonographic appearances of an ovarian dermoid cyst. It refers to the short and long echogenic lines which are often seen within a dermoid cyst and are due to the presence of hair.
Article
Theca lutein cyst
Theca lutein cysts, also known as hyperreactio luteinalis, are a type of functional ovarian cyst. They are typically multiple and seen bilaterally.
Epidemiology
Associations
They have a very high association with gestational trophoblastic disease.
Other reported associations include:
multif...
Article
Paraovarian cyst
Paraovarian cysts are remnants of Wolffian duct in the mesosalpinx that do not arise from the ovary. They account for ~10-20% of adnexal masses 3,4.
Terminology
Paraovarian cysts are also sometimes referred to as paratubal cysts or hydatid cysts of Morgagni 14.
Epidemiology
They typically oc...
Article
Mature cystic ovarian teratoma
Ovarian dermoid cyst and mature cystic ovarian teratoma are terms often used interchangeably to refer to the most common ovarian neoplasm. These slow-growing tumors contain elements from multiple germ cell layers and can be assessed with ultrasound or MRI.
Terminology
Although they have very ...
Article
Serous inclusion cysts of the ovary
Serous inclusion cysts of the ovary are benign cysts typically seen in postmenopausal women. They are typically small (i.e. less than 5 cm), smooth walled and have no septations or solid components. They can alter through time and often disappear.
See also
ovarian cysts
Article
Sonographic values in obstetrics and gynecology
Obstetric and gynecological ultrasound is rampant with numerous cut-off values. Some of these get revised over the years. The following list is a useful aid to refer to and revise.
1 mm
rate of increase of a mean sac diameter per day in early pregnancy
2 mm
generally accepted value for a thi...
Article
Endometrioma
Endometriomas, also known as chocolate cysts or endometriotic cysts, are a localized form of endometriosis and are usually within the ovary. They are readily diagnosed on ultrasound, with most demonstrating classical radiographic features.
Epidemiology
These occur in up to 10% of women of rep...
Article
Ovarian torsion
Ovarian torsion occurs when the ovary rotates around its supporting ligaments, twisting and squashing the accompanying blood vessels and lymphatics. The term adnexal torsion is preferred because a portion of the fallopian tube is commonly torsed along with the ovary. The term adnexal torsion als...
Article
Point-of-care ultrasound (curriculum)
The point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) curriculum is one of our curriculum articles and aims to be a collection of articles that represent the core applications of ultrasonography in a point-of-care setting.
Point-of-care ultrasound refers to ultrasonography which may be simultaneously performed,...
Article
Pelvic pain in the exam
It is important to have a systematic way of approaching a case with pelvic pain in the exam.
Most examinations are performed using ultrasound. Always say that you would further assess the uterus with 3D ultrasound. You may also say that in my department we would perform a sonohysterogram. Only...
Article
Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System Magnetic Resonance Imaging (O-RADS MRI)
The Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System Magnetic Resonance Imaging (O-RADS MRI) forms the MRI component of the Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS). This system aims to ensure that there is a uniform, unambiguous MRI evaluation of ovarian or other adnexal lesions, accurately ...
Article
Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a common, chronic gynecological condition defined as the presence of functional endometrial glands and stroma-like lesions outside the uterus. It manifests in three ways: superficial (peritoneal) disease, ovarian disease (endometriomas), and deep endometriosis.
Endometriosis is...
Article
Ovarian serous tumors
Ovarian serous neoplasms are the commonest of four general types of the epithelial ovarian tumors, and are more prevalent than the mucinous ovarian tumors.
Serous ovarian neoplasms are subdivided into benign, borderline, and malignant lesions according to their malignant potential and clinical ...
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