Search results for “subarachnoid hemorrhage”

179 results found
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage (summary)

This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is bleeding into the subarachnoid space. This is usually found centrally (around the circle of Willis) but can occur in other parts of the brain. Reference article This is a summary article; ...
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a type of extra-axial intracranial hemorrhage and denotes the presence of blood within the subarachnoid space. Epidemiology Patients tend to be older middle age, typically less than 60 years old 2. Subarachnoid hemorrhage accounts for 3% of stroke and 5% of str...
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Perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage

Perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage (PMSAH) is a distinct pattern of non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) centered on the basal cisterns around the midbrain with an excellent prognosis. Epidemiology Perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage is rare with an incidence of 0.5 in 100...
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Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage

Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH) is a common injury, and trauma is the most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) 5.  Epidemiology Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage occurs in ~35% (range 11-60%) of traumatic brain injuries 1.  Pathology Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage is mo...
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Convexal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Convexal subarachnoid hemorrhages (cSAH), also known as convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage, are subarachnoid hemorrhages that occur within the cortical sulci of the brain. Epidemiology Convexal subarachnoid hemorrhage accounts for approximately 6% of all subarachnoid hemorrhage 7. Pathology T...
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage grading systems

Subarachnoid hemorrhage grading systems are numerous, seeking to variably group patients presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage in an attempt to categorize, quantify or prognosticate. Some are dedicated to subarachnoid hemorrhage (e.g. Hunt and Hess Scale), others are used in a broader clinical...
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Cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage

Cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage is a major complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). It is overtaking rebleed as the major cause of mortality and morbidity in the subgroup of patients with SAH who reach the hospital and receive medical care. It usually occurs after a fe...
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Shunt-dependency in symptomatic aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage score

The shunt-dependency in symptomatic aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SDASH) score is a harmonized score for the prediction of hydrocephalus requiring shunting after subarachnoid hemorrhage. The tool is employed in the acute phase to predict which patients will require shunting, rather than to...
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Pseudosubarachnoid hemorrhage

Pseudosubarachnoid hemorrhage describes an apparent increased attenuation within the basal cisterns simulating true subarachnoid hemorrhage. It is usually due to cerebral edema. Pathology Etiology The most common cause is cerebral edema where there is a decrease in parenchymal attenuation and...
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Modified Fisher scale

The modified Fisher scale is a method for radiological grading subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) secondary to intracranial aneurysm rupture, assessed on the first non-contrast CT. It was modified from the original Fisher scale to account for patients with thick cisternal blood and concomitant intra...
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Fisher scale

The Fisher scale is the initial and best-known system of classifying the amount of subarachnoid hemorrhage on CT scans, described in 1980 4. Its primary use was in predicting the occurrence and severity of cerebral vasospasm, highest in grade 3 2,4.  Usage Although it is known as a scale, fro...
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Edinburgh criteria for lobar intracerebral hemorrhage associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy

The Edinburgh criteria were proposed in 2018 in order to diagnose lobar intracerebral hemorrhage associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) 1. They can potentially be used to rule CAA-associated lobar hemorrhage either in or out, but require external validation in other patient population...
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PHASES risk prediction score

The PHASES risk prediction score is a method of calculating the absolute 5-year risk of intracranial aneurysm rupture based on the data pooled from prospective cohort studies in the USA, Canada, Netherlands, Finland and Japan1. PHASES stands for: Population, Hypertension, Age, Size, Earlier suba...
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Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a group of conditions with a common clinical and radiologic presentation. It is characterized by thunderclap headache and reversible vasoconstriction of the cerebral arteries. Terminology Numerous and varied terms have been used to descri...
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Terson syndrome

Terson syndrome refers to intraocular hemorrhage in patients with intracranial hemorrhage. Terminology The traditional definition of Terson syndrome was vitreous hemorrhage associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage. More recently, a broader definition captures intraocular hemorrhages involving v...
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Vertebral artery dissection

Vertebral artery dissection, like arterial dissection elsewhere, is a result of blood entering the media through a tear in the intima of the vertebral artery. It is potentially lethal and can be difficult to diagnose clinically and radiologically. Epidemiology Vertebral artery dissections have...
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Cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a cerebrovascular disorder caused by the accumulation of cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) in the tunica media and adventitia of leptomeningeal and cortical vessels of the brain. The resultant vascular fragility tends to manifest in normotensive elderly patients as lob...
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Subpial hemorrhage

Subpial hemorrhage is a rare form of extra-axial intracranial hemorrhage defined as hemorrhage between the cortical surface and the pia mater. It is an entity that is generally difficult to distinguish from subarachnoid hemorrhage. Epidemiology Subpial hemorrhage has been typically described i...
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Intraventricular hemorrhage

Intraventricular hemorrhage denotes the presence of blood within the cerebral ventricular system. It is associated with significant morbidity due to the risk of obstructive hydrocephalus.  It can be divided into primary or secondary, with primary hemorrhage being far less common than secondary:...
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Ruptured saccular aneurysm

Ruptured saccular (berry) aneurysms usually result in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) but can, depending on the location of the rupture and presence of adhesions to the aneurysm, also result in cerebral hematoma, subdural hematoma, and/or intraventricular hemorrhage. Epidemiology Saccuar aneurys...

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