Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Hepatic chemosaturation
Hepatic chemosaturation is a percutaneous technique used to locally treat unresectable hepatic metastases in patients without systemic disease.
Technique
The key to this technique is isolating the blood supply to the liver. This is achieved by:
closure of the gastro-duodenal artery by coiling...
Article
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a surgical procedure for the extraction of large renal calculi. It is usually performed in the operating theater either by a urologist or combined urologist-radiologist team.
Indication
PCNL is used to destroy and remove renal calculi, typically over 2 cm...
Article
Facet joint injection
Facet (zygapophyseal) joint injections are performed primarily for the diagnosis and differentiation of facet syndrome and radicular pain syndrome, and are one of the spinal interventional procedures. They can be performed under fluoroscopic, or CT image guidance, and cervical, thoracic or most ...
Article
Adrenal vein sampling
Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is a procedure where blood is collected from the adrenal veins via catheter to confirm autonomous hormone production, if it is unilateral or bilateral, and to guide further treatment 1. If unilateral, the adrenal gland can be removed by surgery; thus curing secondary ...
Article
Trigeminal radiofrequency ablation
Trigeminal radiofrequency ablation, also known as trigeminal radiofrequency rhizotomy, is a percutaneous interventional procedure used to treat trigeminal neuralgia. It is the most popular technique for trigeminal ablation.
Indications
trigeminal neuralgia resistant to traditional medical trea...
Article
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles are type of permanent embolization agent used in interventional radiological procedures.
Mechanism of action
When injected, PVA particles adhere ot the vessel wall, activating the coagulation cascade and leading to vessel occlusion by provoking thrombus format...
Article
Radiologist
What is a radiologist?
A radiologist is a specialist doctor who uses medical imaging such as x-ray, MRI, CT, ultrasound and angiography, to diagnose and treat human disease or injury. Radiologists undergo lengthy training and assessment in order to be accredited by relevant governing boards and...
Article
PHASES risk prediction score
The PHASES risk prediction score is a method of calculating the absolute 5-year risk of intracranial aneurysm rupture based on the data pooled from prospective cohort studies in the USA, Canada, Netherlands, Finland and Japan1. PHASES stands for: Population, Hypertension, Age, Size, Earlier suba...
Article
Charles T Dotter
Charles T Dotter (1920-1985) is often considered the father of interventional radiology who in 1964 performed the very first peripheral angioplasty, and made many other major contributions in this field.
Early life
Charles Theodore Dotter was born in Boston on 14 June 1920. He graduated with a...
Article
Adrenal glands ultrasound
Adrenal glands ultrasound, is an imaging method that can provide valuable information regarding their size, shape, and structure. As a result, it can aid in diagnosing various pathological conditions related to adrenal gland function.
Techniques
Several ultrasound techniques can be employed to...
Article
Percutaneous nephrostomy
Percutaneous nephrostomy is a form of nephrostomy in which percutaneous access to the kidney is achieved under radiological guidance. The access is then often maintained with the use of an indwelling catheter.
Indications
Percutaneous nephrostomy is usually reserved for when retrograde approac...
Article
Post-thrombotic syndrome
Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a syndrome of chronic venous insufficiency following deep vein thrombosis (DVT) due to valvular incompetence, which results in chronic reflux and chronic venous hypertension.
Epidemiology
PTS is a common complication following extensive DVT of the limbs. Up to...
Article
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS or TIPSS) is a treatment for portal hypertension in which direct communication is formed between a hepatic vein and a branch of the portal vein, thus allowing some proportion of portal flow to bypass the liver. The target portosystemic gradient...
Article
Ultrasound-guided spinal anesthesia
With the growing incidence of obesity in the western world, ultrasound-guided anesthesia is becoming more common.
Spinal anesthesia is traditionally administered by identifying relevant surface anatomy and imaging is rarely used for pre-procedural identification of structures. Ultrasound-guide...
Article
Fluoroscopic myelography
Fluoroscopic myelography is a technique that allows the visualization of the theca by the introduction of contrast medium into the CSF. This is usually accomplished by a lumbar puncture, or less commonly a suboccipital puncture.
The patient can then be tilted and rotated to cause the contrast, ...
Article
Transforaminal epidural steroid injection
Transforaminal epidural steroid injections (TFESI), also known as transforaminal nerve root injections or nerve root blocks, are performed for the treatment and diagnosis of radicular pain. They differ from selective nerve root blocks (SNRB), as the aim is to get an "epidural spill" and get the ...
Article
Flow-diverter stent
Flow-diverter stents are important devices in the management of intracranial aneurysms in both acute and elective settings, especially ones that are large, broad-necked, or fusiform.
Complications
Understanding the complication rates is important in obtaining informed consent from patients. In...
Article
Twig-like middle cerebral artery
Twig-like middle cerebral artery or rete mirabile anomaly describes a discontinuity of a single trunk of the middle cerebral artery with several small vessels reconstituting the artery and giving it a twig-like appearance. Distally, normal vascular anatomy of the MCA branches need to be present ...
Article
Simmons catheter
The Simmons catheter, also known as Sidewinder 1, Sim, or SS catheter, is a common reverse-curve angiographic selective access catheter designed for catheterization and subselection of brachiocephalic or visceral arteries, in order to secure access, advance, and exchange devices, or deliver cont...
Article
Gastrointestinal stents
Gastrointestinal (GI) stents are increasingly used to treat obstruction of the GI tract, most commonly due to malignancy.
Types of stent
esophageal stent
gastric stent
duodenal stent
enteric stent
colorectal stent
History and etymology
Somewhat surprisingly the word 'stent' is actually a...
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