Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Ependymoma
Ependymomas represent a relatively broad group of glial tumors with ependymal differentiation. They often arise from or near the lining of the ventricles of the brain or the central canal of the spinal cord but also occur within the brain parenchyma.
Terminology
The unqualified term "ependymo...
Article
Medical abbreviations and acronyms (E)
This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter E and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep both the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order).
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q...
Article
Acromial spur
Acromial spurs have been associated with rotator cuff tears and impingement syndrome although a direct causative link is controversial 4.
Terminology
If the spur extends inferior, it can be called a subacromial spur.
Pathology
Acromial spurs usually occur at the lateral part. In that situat...
Article
Pyopneumothorax
Pyopneumothorax, also known as infected hydropneumothorax or empyemic hydropneumothorax, is a pleural collection of pus and gas. It may be thought of a variant of a thoracic empyema with gas-containing components although the etiology may be different.
Clinical presentation
The patient usually...
Article
Tumoral calcinosis
Tumoral calcinosis, also known as Teutschlaender disease, is a rare familial condition characterized by painless, periarticular masses. The term should be strictly used to refer to a disease caused by a hereditary metabolic dysfunction of phosphate regulation associated with massive periarticula...
Article
Passive atelectasis
Passive atelectasis, also known as relaxation atelectasis, is a form of lung atelectasis due to the loss of the negative pressure state in the pleural space.
Clinical presentation
The clinical presentation would depend on the extent of atelectasis and how quickly it develops. Small and gradual...
Article
Pericardial cyst
Pericardial cysts are uncommon benign congenital anomalies of the anterior and middle mediastinum.
Clinical presentation
Patients are usually asymptomatic and these cysts are usually discovered incidentally although occasionally may present with chest pain and dyspnea ref.
Pathology
Pericard...
Article
Vitamin D deficiency (overview)
Vitamin D deficiency (also known as hypovitaminosis D) is common, and untreated, may result in serious sequelae. Traditionally its pathological manifestations have been regarded through the lens of skeletal maturity:
rickets in children
osteomalacia in adults
However it has become increasingl...
Article
Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency
Adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) deficiency is an autosomal recessive inherited neurometabolic disorder with a defect in purine metabolism 1-3.
Epidemiology
Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency is very rare 1,2 with only about 80 cases reported up to 2014 1.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis relies on genetic a...
Article
Steinstrasse
Steinstrasse [stīn′shtra-se] is the German word for "stone street", describing a possible complication of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for urinary tract calculi, wherein a column of stone fragments forms that blocks the ureter.
Terminology
The term steinstrasse can equally, alb...
Article
Splenic artery
The splenic artery is one of the three branches of the celiac trunk, which supplies the spleen as well as large parts of the stomach and pancreas.
Gross anatomy
Origin and course
The splenic artery is one of the terminal branches of the celiac trunk, passing left from the celiac axis across t...
Article
Mikulicz syndrome
Mikulicz syndrome , also known as immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis, was at one time considered to be a form of Sjögren syndrome (type 1), however, it is now considered to be on the IgG4-related disease spectrum.
Terminology
Mikulicz syndrome may also be referre...
Article
Achilles tendon
The Achilles or calcaneal tendon is the strongest and largest tendon of the human body. It is also one of the most common tendons to become injured due to its high biomechanical load but poor vascularity 2.
Gross anatomy
The Achilles tendon forms by merging fibers of the gastrocnemius and sole...
Article
Sjögren syndrome
Sjögren syndrome, also known as Sjögren disease, is an autoimmune connective tissue disease of the exocrine glands that produce tears and saliva.
Epidemiology
Sjögren syndrome is the second most common autoimmune disorder after rheumatoid arthritis. There is a recognized female predilection wi...
Article
Findings (cases)
The findings section of cases is where the description of that particular study is described. This section is located immediately below each study and findings contribute to case completeness.
What it should contain
The findings section should contain a concise description of the whole study t...
Article
Subependymoma
Subependymomas are uncommon, benign (WHO grade 1) tumors which are slow-growing and non-invasive. They tend to occur in middle-aged and older individuals and usually identified as an incidental finding.
Terminology
These tumors were previously also known as subependymal astrocytomas, not to b...
Article
Bochdalek hernia
Bochdalek hernia, also known as pleuroperitoneal hernia, is the most common type of congenital diaphragmatic hernia and is located posterolaterally. Large hernias are symptomatic in neonates due to impairment of lung development. Small asymptomatic hernias are typically an incidental CT finding ...
Article
Diaphragmatic mesothelial cyst
Diaphragmatic mesothelial cysts are rare benign congenital lesions involving the diaphragm. They are thought to derive from celomic remnants.
Epidemiology
They typically present in the pediatric population.
Clinical presentation
The cysts are typically asymptomatic and are thus diagnosed in...
Article
Anterior angulation of the coccyx
Anterior angulation of the coccyx may be a normal variant but poses a diagnostic challenge for those considering coccygeal trauma 1.
Classification
Six types of coccyx have been described initially by Postacchini and Massobrio and later modified by Nathan et al. 2,3:
type I: the coccyx is cur...
Article
Images
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Outsourced images
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