Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Vertebral hemangioma
Vertebral hemangiomas are the most common benign vertebral neoplasms. That said, they are not true neoplasms but venous malformations. They are usually asymptomatic and incidentally detected due to their characteristic features on imaging for other reasons. Rarely, they can be locally aggressive...
Article
Facial colliculus syndrome
Facial colliculus syndrome refers to a constellation of neurological signs due to a lesion at the facial colliculus, involving:
abducens nerve (CN VI) nucleus
facial nerve (CN VII) fibers at the genu
medial longitudinal fasciculus
Clinical presentation
The presentation is varied and not all...
Article
Pneumothorax
Pneumothorax (PTX) (plural: pneumothoraces) refers to the presence of gas in the pleural space which allows the parietal and visceral pleura to separate and the lung to collapse. The clinical consequences range from negligible to hemodynamic collapse and death.
Neonatal pneumothorax has its own...
Article
Transient osteoporosis of the hip
Transient osteoporosis of the hip, also known as (transient) bone marrow edema syndrome of the hip, is a self-limiting clinical entity of unknown cause, although almost certainly a vascular basis and possible overactivity of the sympathetic system exists. It presents a synonym of the subchondral...
Article
Temporomandibular joint dysfunction
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction is characterized by an abnormal relationship between the disc and the adjacent articular surfaces (condyle below with mandibular fossa and articular eminence above).
Epidemiology
TMJ dysfunction is far more common in women (F:M 8:1).
Clinical present...
Article
Spontaneous splenorenal shunt
A spontaneous splenorenal shunt is an abnormal portosystemic collateral pathway between the splenic vein and the left renal vein 1-5. Its presence is considered pathognomonic of portal hypertension 6.
See also
portosystemic shunts
surgical splenorenal shunt
Article
Windowing (CT)
Windowing, also known as grey-level mapping, contrast stretching, histogram modification or contrast enhancement is the process in which the CT image greyscale component of an image is manipulated via the CT numbers; doing this will change the appearance of the picture to highlight particular st...
Article
Enchondroma vs low grade chondrosarcoma
Distinguishing between enchondromas and low-grade conventional chondrosarcomas is often difficult due to both imaging and histological similarity.
Differentiating between them may be a moot point since both can be monitored clinically and radiologically. Pain has been regarded as an indication ...
Article
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), also called hepatoma, is the most common primary malignancy of the liver. It is strongly associated with cirrhosis, from both alcohol and viral etiologies. Hepatocellular carcinomas constitute approximately 5% of all cancers partly due to the high endemic rates of...
Article
Postoperative assessment after thyroid cancer surgery
Postoperative assessment after thyroid cancer surgery is performed in the surgical bed and regional lymph nodes, looking for possible recurrence of disease.
Radiographic features
Ultrasound
usually performed in the first 6-12 months, and then as needed by the patient's risk factors 1
suspici...
Article
Medical abbreviations and acronyms (A)
This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter A and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep both the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order).
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q...
Article
Eggshell calcification (breast)
Eggshell calcifications in the breast are benign peripheral rim-like calcifications.
Pathology
They are typically secondary to fat necrosis or calcification of oil cysts.
Radiographic features
thin rim-like calcification (<1 mm in thickness)
lucent centers
small to several centimeters in d...
Article
Breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS) assessment category 2
BI-RADS 2 is a benign category in breast imaging reporting and data system. A finding placed in this category should have a 100% chance of being benign.
Examples of such lesions or findings include:
calcified fibroadenomas
multiple secretory calcifications
fat-containing lesions such as:
o...
Article
Oil cyst (breast)
Oil cysts in breast imaging refer to benign breast lesions where an area of focal fat necrosis becomes walled off by fibrous tissue.
Epidemiology
Occurs across all age and ethnic groups with a female predilection. Usually associated with blunt trauma, if present in males.
Clinical presentati...
Article
Breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS) assessment category 5
BI-RADS 5 lesions under the BI-RADS (breast imaging reporting and data system) refer to breast lesions that are highly suspicious for malignancy, requiring appropriate action to be taken (i.e. biopsy and management as appropriate). BI-RADS 5 lesions have the characteristic morphology of breast c...
Article
Invasive breast carcinoma of no special type
Invasive breast carcinoma of no special type, previously known as invasive ductal carcinoma, not otherwise specified, is the most common type of breast cancer (70-80%) 5. It is an infiltrating and malignant proliferation of neoplastic cells in the breast tissues.
Terminology
The 4th edition (2...
Article
Avulsion injury
Avulsion injuries or fractures occur where the joint capsule, ligament, tendon or muscle attachment site is pulled off from the bone, usually taking a fragment of cortical bone. Avulsion fractures are commonly distracted due to the high tensile forces involved. There are numerous sites at which ...
Article
Apophyseal avulsion fractures of the pelvis and hip
Apophyseal avulsion fractures of the pelvis and hip are relatively common among physically active adolescents and young adults.
Epidemiology
Pelvic and hip apophyseal injuries typically occur in the 14 to 25 year age range.
Mechanism
Kicking sports, such as soccer, and gymnastics are frequen...
Article
Normal spine imaging examples
This article lists examples of normal imaging of the spine and surrounding structures, divided by region and modality.
Cervical spine
plain radiograph
example 1: AP, lat, obliques only
example 2: PEG view
example 3: flexion and extension views only
example 4: including swimmer's view
exam...
Article
Müller-Weiss syndrome
Müller-Weiss syndrome, also known as Brailsford disease 3, refers to spontaneous multifactorial adult onset osteonecrosis of the navicular. This syndrome is distinct from Köhler disease, the osteonecrosis of the tarsal navicular bone that occurs in children.
This shouldn't be confused with Mall...
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