Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Renal sinus cyst
Renal sinus cysts are simple renal cysts that lie within the renal sinus.
Terminology
It is worth noting that some authors 5,6 use the term renal lymphangiectasia interchangeably. It is likely that true renal lymphangiectasia is a separate and rare disorder, and is thus discussed separately.
...
Article
Calyceal diverticulum
Calyceal diverticula, also known as pyelocalyceal diverticula, are outpouchings of the renal calyx or pelvis into the renal cortex. These diverticula are lined with transitional cell epithelium.
Epidemiology
Relatively uncommon, historically seen in 0.21% to 0.60% of intravenous urograms (IVU)...
Article
Pancreatic lipomatosis
Pancreatic lipomatosis refers to fat accumulation in the pancreatic parenchyma. This finding is most often associated with obesity and aging and is the most common pathological condition involving the pancreas. Uneven fat deposition can simulate a pancreatic mass 1.
Terminology
Synonyms inclu...
Article
Septic arthritis
Septic arthritis can cause rapid chondrolysis and destructive arthropathy. Intra-articular infection usually manifests with severe pain and decreased range of motion. Prompt treatment can avoid permanent damage to the joint which may result in chronic deformity, mechanical arthritis and even dea...
Article
Central nervous system vasculitis
Central nervous system (CNS) vasculitides represent a heterogeneous group of inflammatory diseases (vasculitis or cerebral angiitis) affecting the walls of blood vessels in the brain, spinal cord, and meninges. It affects predominantly small and medium sized vessels but can target also large ves...
Article
Dolan's lines
Dolan's lines are the collective name given to three lines described by Dolan and Jacoby 1 that aid in evaluating for maxillofacial fractures on an occipitomental skull radiograph. They are usually used as an adjunct to McGrigor-Campbell lines. Dolan's line may aid in diagnosing zygomaticomaxill...
Article
Twining's line (posterior cranial fossa)
Twining's line (a.k.a tuberculum torcula line) is a midline measurement used in the volumetric assessment of the posterior cranial fossa and of particular relevance in Chiari I malformations 1. The angle between the line and the tentorium is also used for similiar purposes 1. It has also been us...
Article
Common iliac vein
The common iliac vein (CIV) (TA: vena iliaca communis), corresponding with the common iliac artery, drains venous blood from the pelvis, lower limbs and their associated structures.
Summary
location: pelvis, anterior to the sacroiliac joint
origin and termination: union of internal and extern...
Article
Cilioretinal artery
The cilioretinal arteries refer to small arteries that extend along the retina that arise from the posterior ciliary artery system. They are usually considered the most common congenital anomaly of the retinal circulation 2.
Origin
They usually arise from the peripapillary choroid or direct...
Article
Posterior ciliary arteries
The posterior ciliary arteries are usually paired branches arising from the ophthalmic artery, one medial and one lateral, each giving off a number of branches that supply the uvea 1.
Close to the optic nerve, are the short posterior ciliary arteries, usually numbering 16-20; these supply the p...
Article
Snapping hip syndrome
Snapping hip syndrome, also known as coxa saltans or dancer’s hip, occurs when an audible snapping sound is produced during hip motion.
Epidemiology
Some reports suggest that up to 10% of the population may have this to some degree 8.
Pathology
This condition is classified into extra-articu...
Article
Thyroid nodule
Thyroid nodules are any discrete lesion that can be delineated on imaging studies from the adjacent thyroid parenchyma. They can represent a range of benign or malignant conditions.
Epidemiology
They are more common in females (4:1 F:M) and have an increasing prevalence with increasing age and...
Article
Thyroid nodule ablation
Thyroid nodule ablation is an interventional radiological technique to treat symptomatic solid and cystic thyroid nodules.
History
Ablation techniques for thyroid nodules have been widely adopted as first-line treatment options, particularly over the past 10-20 years, thanks largely to the pio...
Article
Windowing (CT)
Windowing, also known as grey-level mapping, contrast stretching, histogram modification or contrast enhancement is the process in which the CT image greyscale component of an image is manipulated via the CT numbers; doing this will change the appearance of the picture to highlight particular st...
Article
Cricopharyngeal bar
Cricopharyngeal bar refers to the radiographic appearance of a prominent cricopharyngeus muscle contour on barium swallow.
Terminology
The terms cricopharyngeal bar and cricopharyngeal muscle spasm/achalasia are often used synonymously but this is incorrect because studies have demonstrated th...
Article
Acute sinusitis
Acute sinusitis (rare plural: sinusitides) is an acute inflammation of the paranasal sinus mucosa that lasts less than four weeks and can occur in any of the paranasal sinuses. If the nasal cavity mucosa is also involved (i.e. rhinitis) then the term rhinosinusitis may be used.
Clinical present...
Article
Cystic fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis (CF), also called mucoviscidosis, is an autosomal recessive genetic disease that affects the exocrine function of the lungs, liver, pancreas, small bowel, sweat glands, and urogenital system.
This article is a general discussion of the disease. Each organ system are discussed se...
Article
Rectal prolapse
A rectal prolapse is a form of pelvic organ prolapse and refers to the prolapse of the rectum into the anal canal. They can involve the entire wall of the rectum or only the mucosal layer.
Epidemiology
Rectal prolapse in Western populations is more common in females (M:F 1:4). In women, it is ...
Article
Sinusitis
Sinusitis is a broad and non-specific term referring to the inflammation within the paranasal sinuses. There are several forms which are specific entities based on etiology and clinical features, and hence covered individually:
acute sinusitis
chronic sinusitis
fungal sinusitis
non-invasive
...
Article
Chronic sinusitis
Chronic sinusitis refers to ongoing long-term sinus infection-inflammation that often develops secondary to a prolonged/refractory acute sinus infection.
Epidemiology
It most commonly affects young to middle-aged adults but can uncommonly also affect children.
Clinical presentation
Chronic s...
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