Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,686 results found
Article
Hemobilia
Hemobilia refers to the presence of blood in the biliary tree.
Clinical presentation
The classical Quincke triad, is seen with hemobilia in the context of hepatic arterial aneurysms, and consists of:
melena (i.e. upper gastrointestinal bleeding)
jaundice
abdominal pain
Pathology
Etiology
...
Article
Quincke triad
Quincke triad is the finding of jaundice, right upper quadrant pain, and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. This sign is seen in patients with hemobilia secondary to a hepatic artery aneurysm.
History and etymology
Heinrich Quincke (1842 –1922) was a German surgeon and internal medicine speciali...
Article
Gallbladder metastases
Gallbladder metastases are rare and usually represent an advanced and end-stage of malignancy. Malignant melanoma and gastric carcinoma account for the most common primary malignancies to seed metastases to the gallbladder, in Western and Asian societies, respectively.
Epidemiology
They repre...
Article
Endometrial polyp
Endometrial polyps are benign nodular protrusions of the endometrial surface, and one of the entities included in a differential of endometrial thickening. Endometrial polyps can either be sessile or pedunculated. They can often be suggested on ultrasound or MRI studies but may require sonohyste...
Article
Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a common, chronic gynecological condition defined as the presence of functional endometrial glands and stroma-like lesions outside the uterus. It manifests in three ways: superficial (peritoneal) disease, ovarian disease (endometriomas), and deep endometriosis.
Endometriosis is...
Article
Adrenal adenoma
Adrenal adenomas (alternative plural: adenomata) are the most common adrenal lesion and are often found incidentally during abdominal imaging for other reasons. In all cases, but especially in the setting of known current or previous malignancy, adrenal adenomas need to be distinguished from adr...
Article
p-value
A p-value is the probability of observing a difference between groups at least as extreme as what was observed. Since a p-value is calculated assuming that the null hypothesis (H0) is true, the expectation is that there is no difference between the groups being evaluated. The process of evaluati...
Article
Diffusion kurtosis imaging
Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) is an advanced neuroimaging modality which is an extension of diffusion tensor imaging by estimating the kurtosis (skewed distribution) of water diffusion based on a probability distribution function. It provides a high order diffusion of water distribution and a...
Article
Aneurysmal bone cyst
Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC) are benign expansile osteoclastic giant cell-rich bony neoplasms, composed of numerous blood-filled channels and cystic spaces 1.
ABC accounts for the 'A' in the popular mnemonic for lucent bone lesions FEGNOMASHIC.
Terminology
The terms 'giant cell reparative gran...
Article
11-13 week antenatal scan
11-13 week antenatal (nuchal translucency) scan is considered a routine investigation advised for fetal well-being as well as for early screening in pregnancy (see antenatal screening).
It includes multiple components and is highly dependent on the operator. Traditionally three factors are used...
Article
Acute appendicitis
Acute appendicitis is an acute inflammation of the vermiform appendix. It is a very common condition in general radiology practice and is one of the main reasons for abdominal surgery in young patients. CT is the most sensitive modality to detect appendicitis.
Terminology
Acute appendicitis (p...
Article
Jugulotympanic paraganglioma
Jugulotympanic paragangliomas (previously known as glomus jugulotympanicum tumors) are jugular paragangliomas that have spread superiorly to involve the middle ear cavity. The term can also be used clinically when a suspected tympanic paraganglioma involves the hypotympanum as its inferior exten...
Article
Right atrium
The right atrium (RA) (plural: atria) is one of the four chambers of the human heart, and is the first chamber to receive deoxygenated blood returning from the body, via the two venae cavae. It plays an important role in originating and regulating the conduction of the heart.
Gross anatomy
The...
Article
Lung cancer screening
Lung cancer screening with low-dose CT (LDCT) is an imaging strategy that is beginning to be adopted for high-risk patients in some health systems. Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide, and there is accumulating higher level evidence that a mortality benefit exists with...
Article
Complications of sleeve gastrectomy
Complications of sleeve gastrectomy are often evaluated by imaging. For details about the surgical procedure, please see the parental article on sleeve gastrectomy.
Complications
Postoperative complications can be classified by etiology or temporality.
Early complications
staple line leaka...
Article
Hypothesis testing
Hypothesis testing is a statistical method used to evaluate clinical trial results and consists of 4 steps.
Step 1
Specify the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HA). The null hypothesis is that there is no difference between groups being evaluated, while the alternative hypo...
Article
Skull vault hemangioma
Skull vault hemangiomas (SVH), or hemangiomas of the calvaria, are benign slow-growing vascular lesions affecting the skull diploe in any location. They have been more recently renamed osseous venous (low-flow) vascular malformations given their nonneoplastic nature, but "hemangioma" remains com...
Article
Paraurethral duct cyst
Paraurethral duct cysts are retention cysts that form secondary to inflammatory obstruction of the paraurethral (Skene) ducts in females.
Pathology
The cysts are lined by stratified squamous epithelium due to their origin from the urogenital sinus.
Clinical presentation
Usually asymptomatic....
Article
Endophthalmitis
Endophthalmitis (plural: endophthalmitides) is a potentially sight-threatening condition that involves intraocular inflammation of any cause. It is distinguished from panophthalmitis in that it does not extend beyond the sclera. It is either infectious or non-infectious in etiology, but in clini...
Article
Posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures are a type of avulsion fracture of the knee that represent the most common isolated PCL lesion. This typically involves the separation of the posterior tibial insertion of the PCL to variable degrees.
Pathology
These injuries are commonly se...