Articles

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More than 200 results
Article

Intercondylar area

The intercondylar area is the rough, central part of the tibial plateau.  Gross anatomy The intercondylar area is located between the proximal articular surfaces of the medial and lateral tibial condyles. It is non-articular. In the middle of the intercondylar area are:  intercondylar eminenc...
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Wrist radiograph (an approach)

Wrist radiographs are ubiquitous on any night of the week in emergency departments, especially when pavements are icy!  Systematic review Choosing a search strategy and utilizing it consistently is a helpful method to overcome common errors seen in diagnostic radiology. The order in which you ...
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Anterior meniscofemoral ligament (of Humphrey)

The anterior meniscofemoral ligament (aMFL) or ligament of Humphrey is one of two variably present bands of the meniscofemoral ligament. Gross anatomy The anterior meniscofemoral ligament inserts to the medial aspect of the intercondylar notch near the posterior cruciate ligament insertion 6 a...
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Hepatic steatosis

Hepatic steatosis also known as steatotic liver disease, hepatosteatosis or fatty liver, refers to abnormal accumulation of intracellular triglycerides and other lipids in the liver. This can be focal and transient, of little consequence, or can be widespread and associated with inflammation, pr...
Article

Knee joint

The knee joint is a modified hinge joint between the femur, tibia, and patella. It is the largest synovial joint in the body and allows flexion and extension of the leg as well as some rotation in the flexed position. Summary location: two condylar joints between femur and tibia; saddle joint ...
Article

O'Donoghue unhappy triad

O'Donoghue unhappy triad or terrible triad often occurs in contact and non-contact sports, such as basketball, football, or rugby, when there is a lateral force applied to the knee while the foot is fixated on the ground. This produces an abduction-external rotation mechanism of injury ("pivot s...
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Pancreatic ducts

The exocrine pancreas drains into the gastrointestinal tract via the main and accessory pancreatic ducts. Several anatomical variations of the typical ductal drainage pattern exist, reflecting variations in the embryological development and fusion of the dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds 13,14....
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Posterior intercostal arteries

The intercostal spaces are supplied by pairs of anterior and posterior intercostal arteries. The posterior intercostal arteries arise from the aorta and in part supply the spine and spinal cord and thus are considered segmental arteries. Gross Anatomy There are 11 paired arteries that constitu...
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Cerebral hemisphere

The two cerebral hemispheres are divided in the midsagittal plane by the interhemispheric fissure. Together they fill most of the intra-cranial cavity. Gross anatomy The medial surface of each cerebral hemisphere is flat, the inferior surface is irregular and even slightly concave anteriorly, ...
Article

Temporomandibular joint

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is an atypical synovial joint located between the condylar process of the mandible and the mandibular fossa and articular eminence of the temporal bone. It is divided into a superior discotemporal space and inferior discomandibular space by the TMJ disc (or meni...
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Bony pelvis

The bony pelvis is formed by the sacrum and coccyx and a pair of hip bones (os coxae or innominate bones), comprising the ischium, pubis and ilium and are part of the appendicular skeleton.  Its primary function is the transmission of forces from the axial skeleton to the lower limbs as well as...
Article

Mandibular fracture

Mandibular fractures are relatively common especially among young men. Although traditionally the mandible and base of skull are thought to form a complete bony ring, interrupted only by the TMJs. This should mean that the mandible should fracture in two places (akin to the bony pelvis) making s...
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Foregut duplication cyst

Foregut duplication cysts are a type of congenital duplication cyst. They are sometimes classified under bronchopulmonary foregut malformations. Entities classified as foregut duplication cysts include: bronchogenic cysts neurenteric cysts other enteric cysts esophageal duplication cysts l...
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Bronchial artery

The bronchial arteries are the major supply of high-pressure oxygenated blood to the supporting structures of the lung, including the pulmonary arteries, but contribute only 1% of total lung blood flow. Blood in the bronchial circulation does not take part in gas exchange unless there is patholo...
Article

Choroid plexus carcinoma

Choroid plexus carcinomas are malignant neoplasms arising from the choroid plexus. They are classified as a WHO grade 3 tumor and while there is considerable overlap in imaging characteristics they carry a significantly poorer prognosis than both WHO grade 2 atypical choroid plexus papilloma, an...
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Medical abbreviations and acronyms (C)

This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter C and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep both the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order). A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q...
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Antiphospholipid syndrome

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), also known as Hughes syndrome, is a systemic autoimmune disorder. It is usually defined as the clinical complex of vascular occlusion and ischemic events occurring in patients with circulating antiphospholipid antibodies. Clinical presentation Antiphospholipid ...
Article

Pulmonary hydatid infection

Pulmonary hydatid infection is a common manifestation of hydatid disease. For a general discussion, and for links to other system specific manifestations, please refer to the article on hydatid disease.  Epidemiology The lung is the second most common site of involvement with Echinococcus gra...
Article

Ciliopathies

Ciliopathies refer to diseases due to malfunctioning cilia (singular: cilium). Cilia are organelles that are external extensions of the cell membrane. Cilia fall into two main types: primary (or immotile) cilia and motile cilia.  Clinical presentation Primary cilia are found in virtually every...
Article

Inguinal ligament

The inguinal ligament (also known as Poupart's ligament or the fallopian ligament) is a fibrous band extending from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle. It is an important anatomical landmark and denotes the transition of the pelvis to the lower limb. Gross anatomy The ingu...

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