Articles
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16,680 results found
Article
Normal genitourinary tract imaging examples
This article lists examples of normal imaging of the genitourinary tract and surrounding structures, divided by modality.
Kidneys
Plain radiograph
KUB: example 1
abdominal x-ray: example 1
Intravenous Urogram (IVU) and Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)
IVU: example 1, example 2
Ultrasound
rena...
Article
Connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD)
Connective tissue disease-interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) has various manifestations however the most frequent patterns seen on CT are NSIP or UIP. CTD-ILD should be suspected in younger patients especially women and never-smokers and particulary if there is involvement of pleura, airways or...
Article
Fat containing thoracic lesions
There is a long list of fat containing thoracic lesions. They may involve the mediastinum, lung, pleura or chest wall.
Differential diagnosis includes:
intrapulmonary: fat containing pulmonary lesions
pulmonary hamartoma
endobronchial lipoma
intrapulmonary lipoma
lipoid pneumonia
myeloli...
Article
Esophageal lipomatosis
Esophageal lipomatosis describes fatty infiltration in the wall of the esophagus. It has been associated with oral and inhaled steroid use, but appears to be an asymptomatic incidental finding. 1
Associations
oral and inhaled steroid use
Radiographic features
CT
Esophageal lipomatosis ca...
Article
Carpal instability
Carpal instability refers to the inability of the wrist to maintain its structural stability under physiologic movements and loading forces ultimately leading to derangement of the carpal bones with associated malalignment.
Epidemiology
Associations
Clinical conditions associated with carpal ...
Article
Ring artifact
Ring artifacts are a CT phenomenon that occurs due to the miscalibration or failure of one or more detector elements in a CT scanner. Less often, it can be caused by insufficient radiation dose or contrast material contamination of the detector cover 2.
Features
This artifact usually occurs i...
Article
Straight-edge sign (usual interstitial pneumonia)
Straight-edge sign is an HRCT finding usually seen in the setting of usual interstitial pneumonia. It represents fibrosis isolated to the lung bases characterized by a clear demarcation in the craniocaudal plane on coronal images without significant extension along the lateral margins of the lun...
Article
Exuberant honeycombing sign (usual interstitial pneumonia)
The exuberant honeycombing sign is an HRCT finding typically observed in the context of usual interstitial pneumonia. This sign is characterized by the presence of extensive honeycomb-like cyst formation within the lungs, comprising more than 70% of the fibrotic portions of the lungs. In other w...
Article
CNS lymphoma
CNS lymphoma refers to the involvement of the central nervous system with lymphoma. It can be broadly divided into primary and secondary, with a number of special types also recognized.
primary lymphomas of the CNS
primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the CNS
immunodeficiency-associated ...
Article
Reverse rugger jersey spine
Reverse rugger jersey spine describes the low endplate densities at multiple contiguous vertebral levels producing an alternating lucent-sclerotic-lucent appearance. It's the reverse counterpart of the Rugger jersey spine and also mimics the horizontal stripes of a rugby jersey.
Pathology
This...
Article
Hounsfield unit
Hounsfield units (HU) are a dimensionless unit universally used in computed tomography (CT) scanning to express CT numbers in a standardized and convenient form. Hounsfield units are obtained from a linear transformation of the measured attenuation coefficients 1. This transformation (figure 1) ...
Article
Colonic anastomotic leak
Colonic anastomotic leaks can occur in the early or late postoperative phase when an enteric anastomosis fails. This results in the leak of intraluminal content extraluminally 4.
Terminology
If an anastomotic leak occurs within 30 days post-operation, it is termed an "early" anastomotic leak,...
Article
Sandwich vertebral body
Sandwich vertebral body is a radiologic appearance in which the endplates are densely sclerotic, giving the appearance of a sandwich. This term and pattern are distinctive for benign adult autosomal dominant osteopetrosis.
Differential diagnosis
rugger jersey spine: sandwich vertebrae appears ...
Article
Normal intracranial calcifications
Normal intracranial calcifications can be defined as all age-related physiologic and neurodegenerative calcifications that are unaccompanied by any evidence of disease and have no demonstrable pathological cause.
The most common sites include:
pineal gland
seen in 2/3 of the adult population ...
Article
Multiple intracranial calcifications
Intracranial calcifications are common in certain locations and often are of no clinical concern.
The two most commonly encountered types of calcification include:
normal age-related intracranial calcifications
intracranial arterial atherosclerosis
Concerning calcifications are much less co...
Article
Dural osteoma
Dural osteomas are a cause of focal intracranial calcification (colloquially known as "brain stones"). They are difficult to differentiate from ossified "burnt out" meningiomas and ossification of the falx. Some reports are actually contradictory 1,4, suggesting that at least some lesions have b...
Article
Anterior upper lobe sign (usual interstitial pneumonia)
The anterior upper lobe sign is an HRCT finding usually seen in the setting of usual interstitial pneumonia. It represents fibrosis primarily in the anterior aspect of both upper lobes, sparing the rest of the upper lobes while coexisting with concurrent involvement of the lung bases 1-3.
In th...
Article
Angiocentric glioma
Angiocentric gliomas are rare, superficial slow-growing WHO grade 1 brain tumors typically presenting in pediatric patients with intractable focal epilepsy 1-6.
Epidemiology
Angiocentric gliomas are very rare tumors with relatively few reported cases. They usually affect children and young ad...
Article
Transitional meningioma
Transitional meningiomas are also known as mixed meningiomas because they have components of meningothelial and fibrous subtypes of meningiomas.
Their epidemiology, clinical aspects, radiographic characteristics, treatment, prognosis, and differential diagnosis are in the main article (see meni...
Article
Long-term epilepsy-associated tumors
Long-term epilepsy-associated tumors (LEATs) is a pragmatic grouping of varied primary brain tumors that share a number of features including slow indolent growth rate, localization to the cortex and a predilection for the temporal lobe.
These characteristics combine to make them a common cause...