Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Nasal cavity
The nasal cavity, also known as the nasal fossa, forms part of the upper respiratory tract.
Terminology
Somewhat confusingly, the nasal cavity may refer to either the space either side of the nasal septum or the two spaces combined. So for the same individual one can correctly refer to their s...
Article
Sinonasal polyposis
Sinonasal polyposis refers to the presence of multiple benign polyps in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.
Epidemiology
Sinonasal polyposis is most commonly encountered in adults and rare in children. Polyps are the most common expansile lesions of the nasal cavity 8.
Associations
Condi...
Article
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), also called hepatoma, is the most common primary malignancy of the liver. It is strongly associated with cirrhosis, from both alcohol and viral etiologies. Hepatocellular carcinomas constitute approximately 5% of all cancers partly due to the high endemic rates of...
Article
Acute cholangitis
Acute cholangitis, or ascending cholangitis, is a form of cholangitis and refers to acute bacterial infection of the biliary tree secondary to bile duct obstruction. It is a condition with high mortality that necessitates emergent biliary decompression.
Ascending cholangitis, an infective proc...
Article
Portal vein thrombosis
Portal vein thrombosis may be seen in a variety of clinical contexts, and when acute can be a life-threatening condition. It is a major cause of non-cirrhotic presinusoidal portal hypertension. Portal vein thrombus may be either bland and/or malignant (i.e. tumor thrombus), and it is a critical ...
Article
Intracerebral hemorrhage
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or intraparenchymal cerebral hemorrhage, is a subset of an intracranial hemorrhage as well as of stroke, defined by the acute accumulation of blood within the brain parenchyma.
This article concerns non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhages; traumatic hemorrhagic c...
Article
Subdural empyema
Subdural empyema is a type of intracranial infection characterized by a suppurative collection between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater. It is commonly seen as a complication of sinusitis, otitis, mastoiditis, or surgical intervention.
On imaging, it tends to present as a subdural collect...
Article
Cerebral abscess (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Cerebral abscesses represent focal areas of infection within brain parenchyma, usually containing pus and having a thick capsule. They typically have enhancing walls and can mimic a number of other significant pathologies.
...
Article
Pott puffy tumor
Pott puffy tumor refers to a non-neoplastic complication of acute sinusitis. It is characterized by a primarily subgaleal collection, subperiosteal abscess, and osteomyelitis. It is usually related to the frontal sinus but is sometimes secondary to mastoid pathology.
Rarer etiologies include tr...
Article
Diagnosis (article structure)
Diagnosis is one of the main subheadings (H1) in a standard article.
Location
The "Diagnosis" subheading is located after “Epidemiology” and before “Clinical presentation”.
Structure
The diagnosis is usually made by specific "diagnostic criteria". They might be clinical, imaging-related, ra...
Article
Focal cortical dysplasia
Focal cortical dysplasias (FCD) represent a heterogeneous group of disorders of cortical formation, which may demonstrate both architectural and proliferative features. They are one of the most common causes of epilepsy and can be associated with hippocampal sclerosis and cortical glioneuronal n...
Article
Internal pudendal artery
The internal pudendal artery is a branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery and is the primary supply of the perineum. It is a larger vessel in males than in females and is usually the smallest branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery.
Summary
origin: ant...
Article
Coronary artery dissection
Coronary artery dissection is a rare cause of acute coronary syndrome especially in young patients who are otherwise healthy.
A spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is defined as a non-iatrogenic dissection of an epicardial coronary artery not associated with atherosclerosis or trauma....
Article
Ureteric jet
Ureteric jets, also known as ureteral jets, are the visualization of the normal physiological periodic efflux of urine from the distal end of each ureter into the bladder.
Pathology
When the urine passing down the ureter reaches the vesicoureteric junction (VUJ), it is forced out into the bla...
Article
Congenital urachal anomalies
Congenital urachal anomalies are a spectrum of potential anomalies that can occur due to incomplete involution of the urachus.
Epidemiology
A urachal remnant occurs in approximately 1 in 5000 patients.
Pathology
The urachus connects the dome of the bladder to the umbilical cord during fetal ...
Article
Vulva
The vulva (plurals: vulvas or vulvae), also known as the pudendum, (plural: pudenda) is the collective term given to the female external genitalia.
The vulva consists of the:
mons pubis
labia majora
labia minora
clitoris
bulbs of the vestibule
vestibule of the vulva
vaginal opening
hyme...
Article
Tunica vaginalis (testis)
The tunica vaginalis (TV) represents the investing serosal covering of the testis. It forms as the embryological testis descends and passes out through the superficial inguinal ring carrying its abdominal peritoneal covering with it.
The tunica vaginalis is said to consist of two layers, the pa...
Article
Wilhelm Roentgen
Wilhelm C Roentgen (1845-1923) was a German physicist who is celebrated globally for his discovery of x-rays on 8 November 1895.
Early life
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen (Röntgen in German) was born on 27 March 1845 in Lennep, Germany. He attended the primary and secondary school run by Martinus Her...
Article
Spermatic cord
The spermatic cord (TA: funiculus spermaticus) is the tubular structure that suspends the testes and epididymis in the scrotum from the abdominal cavity.
Gross anatomy
Course
The spermatic cord arises at the deep inguinal ring, passes through the inguinal canal and exits at the superficial in...
Article
Scrotum
The scrotum (plural: scrota or scrotums) is a dual-chambered protuberance of skin and muscle that contains the testes, epididymides, and spermatic cord. It consists of two chambers separated by a septum. It is an extension of the perineum and is located between the penis and anus.
Gross anatomy...
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