22 results found
Case
Dermatomes (Gray's illustrations)
Published
05 Jan 2022
35% complete
Diagram
Article
Cobb syndrome
Cobb syndrome, also called cutaneous vertebral medullary angiomatosis, or spinal arteriovenous metameric syndrome, consists of the presence of a vascular nevus with a spinal vascular malformation of the same body somite (metamere).
The importance of this syndrome is the recognition that cutane...
Article
Low back pain
Low back pain, lumbar or lumbosacral pain is an extremely common clinical symptom and the most common musculoskeletal condition affecting the quality of life that can be found in all age groups. It represents the leading cause of disability worldwide 1-3.
Epidemiology
Low back pain is a very c...
Article
Sympathetic nervous system
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS), mediated by the sympathetic chain (trunk) and ganglia, is a major division of the autonomic nervous system. It is composed of general visceral afferent and efferent axons that allow for involuntary control of bodily functions via the hypothalamus.
The over...
Article
Lumbar disc disease
Lumbar disc disease is a very common entity with a high asymptomatic prevalence. Intervertebral disc abnormalities are found in 25% of individuals below the age of 60, and over 50% in those over the age of 60. It is therefore not enough to demonstrate a disc lesion in someone with non-specific b...
Article
In utero varicella zoster virus infection
An in utero varicella zoster virus infection is an infrequent type of in utero infection. The clinical features can be diverse and variable depending on the stage of gestation.
Epidemiology
Fetal infection with varicella is unusual in the current age due to most women of childbearing age being...
Article
ASIA impairment scale for spinal injury
The American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) was developed by the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) in 2006, was revised in 2011, and remains the most widely used neurologic classification of spinal cord injury.
Classification
The scale divides spinal cord injuries int...
Article
Supraclavicular brachial plexus block (ultrasound)
A supraclavicular brachial plexus block is indicated for establishing sensory and motor blockade of the upper extremity, including the humerus, elbow, forearm, wrist and hand.
Indications
necessity to provide analgesia of the upper extremity for:
abscess incision and drainage
elbow dislocat...
Article
Superficial peroneal nerve entrapment
Superficial peroneal nerve entrapment or compression syndrome is a nerve compression syndrome of the superficial peroneal nerve a mixed motor and sensory nerve providing the motor innervation of the peroneus longus and peroneus brevis muscles and sensory innervation of the dorsum of the foot and...
Article
Red and yellow flags for guiding imaging of lower back pain
Lower back pain (also known as lumbago) is very common and is often referred for imaging. However, the vast majority of cases are due to benign self-limiting causes which do not require imaging and resolve with conservative measures. Numerous authors have described various methods for supporting...
Article
Somatic nervous system
The somatic nervous system (SNS) is a subdivision of the peripheral nervous system which provides innervation to the somatic structures of the body, that is the parts excluding the viscera, smooth muscle, and glands.
The SNS is distributed throughout the body through somatosensory neurons withi...
Article
Babinski reflex
The Babinski reflex or plantar reflex is incorporated into routine neurological examination in order to test the integrity of the corticospinal tract 1. The test does not require sophisticated equipment or active patient participation and can therefore be performed in patients who are otherwise ...
Article
Cervical foraminal stenosis
Cervical foraminal stenosis is a common condition that is mostly asymptomatic but in some patients results in cervical radiculopathy.
Clinical presentation
Cervical foraminal stenosis is most commonly asymptomatic (found in ~20% of the population 8,10) but can result in cervical nerve root com...
Article
Interscalene brachial plexus block
An interscalene brachial plexus block is indicated for procedures involving the shoulder and upper arm.
History
Ultrasound-guided brachial plexus nerve blocks entered the literature in 1989, when Ting et al. detailed their success with axillary nerve blocks in 10 patients 3.
Indications
r...
Case
Thoracic disc herniation
Published
03 Mar 2015
95% complete
MRI
CT
Case
Brachial plexus injury
Published
25 Aug 2013
95% complete
MRI
Case
Cervical foraminal stenosis - mild
Published
16 Nov 2022
92% complete
MRI
Case
Sturge-Weber syndrome
Published
02 Jun 2016
92% complete
MRI
CT
Case
Chronic spinal hematoma with cauda equina syndrome
Published
23 Apr 2020
92% complete
CT
MRI
Case
Infective spondylodiscitis - fracture/dislocation
Published
05 Aug 2023
82% complete
CT
MRI