Items tagged “anatomy rewrite”
64 results found
Article
Bouthillier classification of internal carotid artery segments
Alain Bouthillier et al. described a seven segment internal carotid artery classification system in 1996 1. It remains the most widely used system for describing the internal carotid artery segments.
A helpful mnemonic for remembering ICA segments is:
C'mon Please Learn Carotid Clinical Organ...
Article
Ophthalmic artery
The ophthalmic artery is a branch of the supraclinoid (C6) segment of the internal carotid artery.
Gross anatomy
Origin
The ophthalmic artery arises medial to the anterior clinoid process as the internal carotid artery exits the cavernous sinus. It originates from the antero- or supero-medial...
Article
Ethmoid bone
The ethmoid bone is a single midline facial bone that separates the nasal cavity from the brain and is located at the roof of the nose and between the orbits. It is a cubical shape and is relatively lightweight because of its spongy construction and air-filled sinuses. It contributes to the ante...
Article
Persistent otic artery
The persistent otic artery is one of the persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses, although there is considerable controversy in regards to its existence. It is said to arise from the C2 (petrous) segment of the internal carotid artery within the carotid canal. This artery emerges from the...
Article
Superficial middle cerebral vein
The superficial middle cerebral vein (SMCV), also known as the Sylvian vein, is one of the superficial cerebral veins. It usually courses along the Sylvian fissure posteroanteriorly and drains numerous small tributaries from the opercular areas around the lateral sulcus. It curves anteriorly aro...
Article
Lateral pterygoid muscle
The lateral pterygoid muscle, also known as pterygoideus externus or external pterygoid muscle, is one of the muscles of mastication.
Summary
origin: superior head from the infratemporal surface and the infratemporal crest of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone. Inferior head from lateral s...
Article
Temporomandibular joint
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is an atypical synovial joint located between the condylar process of the mandible and the mandibular fossa and articular eminence of the temporal bone. It is divided into a superior discotemporal space and inferior discomandibular space by the TMJ disc (or meni...
Article
Temporalis muscle
The temporalis muscle is one of the muscles of mastication. It is responsible for both elevation and retraction of the mandible.
Summary
origin: temporal fossa between the infratemporal crest and inferior temporal line on the parietal bone; deep surface of the temporalis fascia
insertion: cor...
Article
Middle ear
The middle ear or middle ear cavity, also known as tympanic cavity or tympanum (plural: tympanums/tympana), is an air-filled chamber in the petrous part of the temporal bone. It is separated from the external ear by the tympanic membrane, and from the inner ear by the medial wall of the tympanic...
Article
Pelvic peritoneal space
The pelvic peritoneal space is the inferior reflection of the peritoneum over the fundus of the urinary bladder and the front of the rectum at the junction of its middle and lower thirds. In females, the reflection is also over the anterior and posterior surface of the uterus and the upper poste...
Article
Pancreas
The pancreas (plural: pancreata) is an unpaired, mostly retroperitoneal organ that has endocrine and exocrine functions, with a role in glucose metabolism and digestion.
Gross anatomy
Location
The pancreas is located at approximately the L1-L2 vertebral level in the anterior pararenal space o...
Article
Pons
The pons (TA: pons; plural: pontes 3), a.k.a. pons Varolii, is the middle portion of the three contiguous parts of the brainstem, sitting above the medulla and below the midbrain. It acts as a relay between the cerebellum and cerebral hemispheres.
Gross anatomy
The pons has a bulbous shape an...
Article
Substantia nigra
The substantia nigra (plural: substantiae nigrae) is one of the brainstem nuclei and part of the extrapyramidal system. While other nuclei such as the red nucleus are small and contained within an axial slice at the superior colliculi (see figure), the substantia nigra is seen in axial slices at...
Article
Ventricular system
The ventricular system in the brain is a series of interconnecting spaces and channels within the brain composed of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF is produced by ependymal cells which line the ventricles. They are continuous with the central canal. Ventricles contain around 20% of the total aver...
Article
Fourth ventricle
The fourth ventricle is one of the components of the ventricular system in the brain, along with the lateral and third ventricles. It extends from the cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius) rostrally to the obex caudally and is filled with CSF.
CSF enters the ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct and lea...
Article
Superior thyroid artery
The superior thyroid artery is a branch of the external carotid artery and supplies the larynx and thyroid gland.
Summary
origin: branch of the external carotid artery at the level of the hyoid bone
branches
hyoid artery
sterncocleidomastoid branches
superior laryngeal artery
cricothyroid...
Article
Larynx
The larynx is an inferior continuation of the oropharynx. It extends from the epiglottis (namely the glossoepiglottic and pharyngoepiglottic folds) to the inferior aspect of the cricoid cartilage. Inferiorly, it continues as the cervical trachea. The larynx also forms part of the upper respirato...
Article
Spleen
The spleen is an organ of the hematological system and has a role in immune response, storage of red blood cells and hematopoiesis.
Gross anatomy
The spleen is a wedge-shaped organ lying mainly in the left upper quadrant (left hypochondrium and partly in the epigastrium) and is protected by th...
Article
Orbital spaces
The orbital spaces are important when considering different pathologies:
globe
subdivided into anterior and posterior segments by the lens
optic nerve-sheath complex
optic nerve
ophthalmic artery
central retinal artery and vein
surrounding sheath of meninges as an extension of the cerebr...
Article
Congenital absence of the internal carotid artery
Congenital absence of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is a rare anomaly that occurs in less than 0.01% of the population. It encompasses agenesis, aplasia, and hypoplasia 1.
The most common type of collateral flow is through the circle of Willis, through the anterior communicating artery (ACo...
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