Items tagged “cardiology”

The differential diagnosis of masses arising from the foramen of Monro can be approached depending on the age of the patient. Pediatric choroid plexus papilloma adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma germinoma glioma Langerhans cell histiocytosis neurofibromatosis pilocytic astrocytoma sube...

Mitral valve calcification can refer to 1 mitral annular calcification (MAC) mitral valve leaflet calcification (MVL) caseous calcification of the mitral annulus

Carcinoid heart disease, also known as Hedinger syndrome, is a known complication of carcinoid tumors, and is particularly prevalent in patients who develop carcinoid syndrome. Epidemiology Cardiac lesions are present in approximately 50% of patients with carcinoid syndrome 1. Clinical presen...

Papillary fibroelastomas are rare benign primary cardiac tumors. However, of the primary cardiac tumors, they are one of the commonest to occur in relation to the cardiac valves (may account for 75% of valvular tumors 10).  Epidemiology Its estimated prevalence ranges between <0.01 to 0.33% 5....

The Duke criteria are a set of clinical criteria set forward for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. For diagnosis of definite infective endocarditis by clinical criteria the requirement is 4:  2 major criteria or 1 major and 3 minor criteria or 5 minor criteria For diagnosis of possib...

Echogenic intracardiac focus (EIF) is a relatively common sonographic observation that may be present on an antenatal ultrasound scan. Epidemiology They are thought to be present in ~4-5% of karyotypically normal fetuses. They may be more common in the Asian population 5. Associations trisom...

Cardiac angiosarcomas are the most common sarcoma involving the heart (see cardiac tumors).  Please refer to the article on angiosarcomas for a general discussion about this entity. Epidemiology They occur slightly more frequently in males.  Clinical presentation Patients usually present wi...