Items tagged “case3”
232 results found
Article
Osteoarthritis of the vertebral column
Osteoarthritis of the vertebral column, also known as spinal osteoarthritis, is so common that it is widely known as spinal "degenerative change". Complications such as spinal stenosis are important to recognize.
Radiographic features
Spinal osteoarthritis presents radiologically like other j...
Article
Wackenheim line
The Wackenheim line, also known as the clivus canal line or basilar line, can be used to assess for atlanto-occipital dissociation.
Measurement
The Wackenheim line is the caudal extension of a line drawn along the posterior cortex of the clivus on lateral cervical spine radiographs 1.
Interpr...
Article
Ahlbäck classification of knee osteoarthritis
The Ahlbäck classification is one of many ways to grade knee osteoarthritis.
Usage
The Ahlbäck classification is in common use (c. 2012) in both clinical and research settings 2.
Classification
grade 1: joint space narrowing (<3 mm)
grade 2: joint space obliteration
grade 3: minor bone at...
Article
RANO criteria for glioma
Response assessment in neuro-oncology (RANO) criteria, published in 2010 1, are used to assess response to first-line treatment of glioblastoma (as well as lower grade astrocytoma 3) and have largely superseded the older Macdonald criteria (which only dealt with glioblastoma multiforme) 2.
For ...
Article
Bent bone dysplasias (differential)
Bent bone dysplasias are a class of skeletal dysplasia included in a 2010 classification of genetic skeletal disorders 1:
campomelic dysplasia
Stuve-Weidemann dysplasia
kyphomelic dysplasias, a diverse class, including
congenital bowing of the long bones
cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH; meta...
Article
MRI grading system for abnormal meniscal signal intensity
MRI grading system for abnormal high meniscal signal intensity was reported by Lotysch et al.
Classification
Grade 1 to 3 have been described on MRI:
grade 1: small focal area of hyperintensity, no extension to the articular surface
grade 2: linear areas of hyperintensity, no extension to ...
Article
Missing IUCD
A missing IUCD is considered when the retrieval strings of certain types of intrauterine contraception devices (IUCD) cannot be seen on physical examination. The possibilities are
expulsion of IUCD
migration of IUCD
detachment of IUCD thread
uterine perforation in IUCD
embedd...
Article
Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma
Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma is an uncommon intermediate-grade fibroblastic/myofibroblastic tumor.
Terminology
When occurring the finger, the term acral myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma is used.
Epidemiology
It typically affects adults.
Clinical presentation
The patient may...
Article
Localization of parotid lesions
Localization of parotid lesions to the superficial and/or deep parotid gland is an essential aspect of imaging and vital information which needs to be conveyed to the surgeon.
Measurement
The following lines are proposed for differentiating superficial from deep lobe:
Conn's arc (CA): drawn w...
Article
Plantar xanthoma
Plantar xanthoma is a condition when xanthomatous deposits occur within the plantar fascia.
Clinical presentation
Plantar xanthomas are usually asymptomatic, although in some instances may result in vague pain and may also have unfavorable cosmetic effects.
Pathology
Xanthomas consist of lo...
Article
Postcaval recess
The postcaval recess is one of the pericardial recesses forming a small space within the pericardium, which arises from the pericardial cavity proper. It is located posterior to the superior vena cava and superior to the right superior pulmonary vein. It may mimic mediastinal lymphadenopathy or ...
Article
Left pulmonic recess
The left pulmonic recess is one of the pericardial recesses forming a small space within the pericardium, which arises from the transverse pericardial sinus. It is located posterior to the pulmonary trunk and left pulmonary artery. It may mimic mediastinal lymphadenopathy or a bronchogenic cyst.
Article
Complex midfacial fracture
Complex midfacial fractures consist of multiple facial fractures that cannot be classified as any of the defined complex facial fractures (e.g. Le Fort fracture, zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture, naso-orbital-ethmoid fracture).
Article
Dameron-Lawrence-Botte classification of proximal 5th metatarsal fractures
The Dameron-Lawrence-Botte classification, or Lawrence-Botte classification, is a commonly used system for proximal fifth metatarsal fractures as it has management implications 3.
Classification
Under this system, proximal fifth metatarsal fractures are categorized into one of three anatomic ...
Article
Pituitary carcinoma
Pituitary carcinomas are rare tumors indistinguishable from pituitary adenomas on imaging and defined only by the presence of central nervous system or systemic metastases.
Epidemiology
The incidence is estimated at less than 0.5% of the pituitary symptomatic tumors 1.
Clinical presentation
...
Article
Posterior abdominal wall
The posterior abdominal wall is a musculoskeletal structure with numerous vascular and lymphatic structures formed by the lumbar vertebrae and their intervertebral discs, pelvic girdle, posterior abdominal wall muscles and their fascia. It supports the retroperitoneal viscera and neurovascular s...
Article
Pharyngeal plexus
The pharyngeal plexus lies on the posterolateral wall of the pharynx, mainly over the middle pharyngeal constrictor and is the main motor and sensory nerve supply to the muscles of the pharynx and soft palate and acts to coordinate swallowing and speech 1-7.
Summary
location: within the extern...
Article
Posterior ethmoidal artery
The posterior ethmoidal artery is a branch of the ophthalmic artery. It supplies the posterior ethmoidal sinuses, dura and nasal cavity. It passes through the posterior ethmoidal foramen to enter the anterior cranial fossa where it gives off meningeal and nasal branches.
Article
Clivus
The clivus (of Blumenbach) is the sloping midline surface of the skull base anterior to the foramen magnum and posterior to the dorsum sellae 1.
Gross anatomy
Specifically, the clivus is formed by the sphenoid body and the basiocciput, which join at the spheno-occipital synchondrosis. At the ...
Article
Plantar fascia
The plantar fascia or plantar aponeurosis is a dense collection of collagen fibers on the sole (plantar surface) of the foot. These fibers are mostly longitudinal but also transverse.
Gross anatomy
Posteriorly it attaches to the medial process of the tuberosity of the calcaneus, proximal to fl...
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