Items tagged “case”
39 results found
Article
Posterior fossa astrocytoma
Posterior fossa astrocytomas, those arising either from the cerebellum or from the brainstem are most frequently seen in children. Approximately 60% of all paediatric astrocytomas are found in the posterior fossa (20% brainstem, 40% cerebellum).
Many types of astrocytoma are found in the poster...
Article
Fibrocystic change (breast)
Fibrocystic change of the breast (also known as diffuse cystic mastopathy) is a benign alteration in the terminal ductal lobular unit of the breast with or without associated fibrosis. It is seen as a wide spectrum of altered morphology in the female breast from innocuous to those associated wit...
Article
Retroperitoneal organs (mnemonic)
A useful mnemonic to remember which organs are retroperitoneal is:
SAD PUCKER
Mnemonic
S: suprarenal (adrenal) gland
A: aorta/IVC
D: duodenum (second, third and fourth parts)
P: pancreas (except tail)
U: ureters
C: colon (ascending and descending)
K: kidneys
E: (o)oesophagus
R: rectum
Article
Third branchial cleft cyst
Third branchial cleft cysts are a very rare type of branchial cleft cysts. Although they are extremely rare, they remain the second most common congenital lesion of the posterior cervical region after cervical lymphatic malformations or cystic hygromas 3.
Pathology
Third branchial cleft cysts ...
Article
Fetal abdominal circumference
Abdominal circumference (AC) is one of the basic biometric parameters used to assess fetal size. AC together with biparietal diameter, head circumference, and femur length are computed to produce an estimate of fetal weight. In the second trimester, this may be extrapolated to an estimate of ges...
Article
Temporal bone
The temporal bone is situated on the sides and the base of the cranium and lateral to the temporal lobe of the cerebrum. The temporal bone is one of the most important calvarial and skull base bones.
Gross anatomy
The temporal bone is divided into several main parts/portions 1-3:
squamous pa...
Article
Metaphyseal blanch sign
The metaphyseal blanch sign (or metaphyseal blanch sign of Steel) is one of the signs seen on AP views of the adolescent hip indicating posterior displacement of the capital epiphysis.
It is a crescent-shaped area of increased density, that overlies the metaphysis adjacent to the physis on the ...
Article
Lesser palatine nerves
The lesser palatine nerves (or posterior palatine nerves) are a group of 2 to 3 nerves (usually 2 nerves) that arise of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve and contributes to the pterygopalatine ganglion.
Gross anatomy
The lesser palatine nerves divide off the maxillary division jus...
Article
Right upper lobe
The right upper lobe (RUL) is one of three lobes in the right lung. It is separated from the right lower lobe by the oblique fissure and the middle lobe by the horizontal fissure and subdivided into three bronchopulmonary segments.
Gross anatomy
Location and structure
The right upper lobe li...
Article
Scirrhous carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract
Scirrhous carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract is a subtype of primary adenocarcinoma of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Epidemiology
It is the least common type of primary adenocarcinoma involving mainly the stomach and the colon.
Pathology
The tumour demonstrates an infiltrative behavi...
Article
Tenon capsule
The Tenon capsule, also known as fascia bulbi or bulbar sheath, functions as an extraocular muscle pulley. It also provides a socket which separates the globe from the surrounding fat and allows free movement. It merges posteriorly with the dural sheath of the optic nerve and extends anteriorly ...
Article
Raghib syndrome
Raghib syndrome is a rare developmental complex. It consists of:
persistence of the left superior vena cava
coronary sinus ostial atresia
atrial septal defect
It has also been associated with other congenital malformations including ventricular septal defects, enlargement of the tricuspid an...
Article
Anterior lacrimal crest
The anterior lacrimal crest is a bony projection on the frontal process of the maxilla continuous with the orbital rim which creates the lateral margin of the lacrimal sac fossa. The medial palpebral ligament is attached to anterior lacrimal crest.
Immediately anterior to the anterior lacrimal ...
Article
Posterior lacrimal crest
The posterior lacrimal crest is a bony projection on the lacrimal bone which creates the medial margin of the lacrimal sac fossa.
See also
anterior lacrimal crest
Article
Lacrimal sac fossa
The lacrimal sac fossa is an excavated fossa in the inferior aspect of the anteromedial orbital wall which contains the lacrimal sac. It is bounded by the anterior and posterior lacrimal crests of the maxillary and lacrimal bones, respectively. In adults, it measures approximately 8-9 mm anterop...
Article
Lacrimomaxillary suture
The lacrimomaxillary suture is a syndesmotic suture between frontal process of the maxilla and lacrimal bone in inferior aspect of anteromedial wall of the orbit approximately half way between the anterior and posterior lacrimal crests. It corresponds, internally, to the maxillary line in later...
Article
Maxillary line
The maxillary line is a mucosal projection along the lateral nasal wall corresponding to lacrimomaxillary suture externally. The midportion of the line is called "M point". During endoscopic sinus and orbital procedures the maxillary line and M-point are very important and useful landmarks in pa...
Article
Double contour cartilage line
The double contour cartilage line is a sonographic sign specific for gout, which is characterised by an echogenic line on the outer surface of the joint cartilage parallel to the subchondral bone secondary to deposition of monosodium urate crystals on the surface of hyaline articular cartilage.
Article
Ureteral pseudodiverticulosis
Ureteral pseudodiverticulosis are acquired false diverticula resulting from herniation of epithelium through the muscularis layer of the ureter and characterised by the presence of multiple outpouchings smaller than 5 mm. It is sometimes bilateral and is often located in the upper two-thirds of ...
Article
Connolly procedure
The Connolly procedure is performed by an open posterior approach and involves transferring the infraspinatus with a portion of greater tuberosity into the defect, rendering the defect extra-articular; although this procedure restores the stability, it reduces the shoulder range of movement. The...