Items tagged “case”

39 results found
Article

Posterior fossa astrocytoma

Posterior fossa astrocytomas, those arising either from the cerebellum or from the brainstem are most frequently seen in children. Approximately 60% of all paediatric astrocytomas are found in the posterior fossa (20% brainstem, 40% cerebellum). Many types of astrocytoma are found in the poster...
Article

Fibrocystic change (breast)

Fibrocystic change of the breast (also known as diffuse cystic mastopathy) is a benign alteration in the terminal ductal lobular unit of the breast with or without associated fibrosis. It is seen as a wide spectrum of altered morphology in the female breast from innocuous to those associated wit...
Article

Retroperitoneal organs (mnemonic)

A useful mnemonic to remember which organs are retroperitoneal is: SAD PUCKER Mnemonic S: suprarenal (adrenal) gland A: aorta/IVC D: duodenum (second, third and fourth parts) P: pancreas (except tail) U: ureters C: colon (ascending and descending) K: kidneys E: (o)oesophagus R: rectum
Article

Third branchial cleft cyst

Third branchial cleft cysts are a very rare type of branchial cleft cysts. Although they are extremely rare, they remain the second most common congenital lesion of the posterior cervical region after cervical lymphatic malformations or cystic hygromas 3. Pathology Third branchial cleft cysts ...
Article

Fetal abdominal circumference

Abdominal circumference (AC) is one of the basic biometric parameters used to assess fetal size. AC together with biparietal diameter, head circumference, and femur length are computed to produce an estimate of fetal weight. In the second trimester, this may be extrapolated to an estimate of ges...
Article

Temporal bone

The temporal bone is situated on the sides and the base of the cranium and lateral to the temporal lobe of the cerebrum. The temporal bone is one of the most important calvarial and skull base bones.  Gross anatomy The temporal bone is divided into several main parts/portions 1-3: squamous pa...
Article

Metaphyseal blanch sign

The metaphyseal blanch sign (or metaphyseal blanch sign of Steel) is one of the signs seen on AP views of the adolescent hip indicating posterior displacement of the capital epiphysis. It is a crescent-shaped area of increased density, that overlies the metaphysis adjacent to the physis on the ...
Article

Lesser palatine nerves

The lesser palatine nerves (or posterior palatine nerves) are a group of 2 to 3 nerves (usually 2 nerves) that arise of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve and contributes to the pterygopalatine ganglion. Gross anatomy The lesser palatine nerves divide off the maxillary division jus...
Article

Right upper lobe

The right upper lobe (RUL) is one of three lobes in the right lung.  It is separated from the right lower lobe by the oblique fissure and the middle lobe by the horizontal fissure and subdivided into three bronchopulmonary segments. Gross anatomy Location and structure The right upper lobe li...
Article

Scirrhous carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract

Scirrhous carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract is a subtype of primary adenocarcinoma of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Epidemiology It is the least common type of primary adenocarcinoma involving mainly the stomach and the colon. Pathology The tumour demonstrates an infiltrative behavi...
Article

Tenon capsule

The Tenon capsule, also known as fascia bulbi or bulbar sheath, functions as an extraocular muscle pulley. It also provides a socket which separates the globe from the surrounding fat and allows free movement. It merges posteriorly with the dural sheath of the optic nerve and extends anteriorly ...
Article

Raghib syndrome

Raghib syndrome is a rare developmental complex. It consists of: persistence of the left superior vena cava coronary sinus ostial atresia atrial septal defect It has also been associated with other congenital malformations including ventricular septal defects, enlargement of the tricuspid an...
Article

Anterior lacrimal crest

The anterior lacrimal crest is a bony projection on the frontal process of the maxilla continuous with the orbital rim which creates the lateral margin of the lacrimal sac fossa. The medial palpebral ligament is attached to anterior lacrimal crest. Immediately anterior to the anterior lacrimal ...
Article

Posterior lacrimal crest

The posterior lacrimal crest is a bony projection on the lacrimal bone which creates the medial margin of the lacrimal sac fossa.  See also anterior lacrimal crest
Article

Lacrimal sac fossa

The lacrimal sac fossa is an excavated fossa in the inferior aspect of the anteromedial orbital wall which contains the lacrimal sac. It is bounded by the anterior and posterior lacrimal crests of the maxillary and lacrimal bones, respectively. In adults, it measures approximately 8-9 mm anterop...
Article

Lacrimomaxillary suture

The lacrimomaxillary suture is a syndesmotic suture between frontal process of the maxilla and lacrimal bone in inferior aspect of anteromedial wall of the orbit approximately half way between the anterior and posterior lacrimal crests. It corresponds, internally, to the maxillary line in later...
Article

Maxillary line

The maxillary line is a mucosal projection along the lateral nasal wall corresponding to lacrimomaxillary suture externally. The midportion of the line is called "M point". During endoscopic sinus and orbital procedures the maxillary line and M-point are very important and useful landmarks in pa...
Article

Double contour cartilage line

The double contour cartilage line is a sonographic sign specific for gout, which is characterised by an echogenic line on the outer surface of the joint cartilage parallel to the subchondral bone secondary to deposition of monosodium urate crystals on the surface of hyaline articular cartilage.
Article

Ureteral pseudodiverticulosis

Ureteral pseudodiverticulosis are acquired false diverticula resulting from herniation of epithelium through the muscularis layer of the ureter and characterised by the presence of multiple outpouchings smaller than 5 mm. It is sometimes bilateral and is often located in the upper two-thirds of ...
Article

Connolly procedure

The Connolly procedure is performed by an open posterior approach and involves transferring the infraspinatus with a portion of greater tuberosity into the defect, rendering the defect extra-articular; although this procedure restores the stability, it reduces the shoulder range of movement. The...

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