Items tagged “cases3”

Extracellular volume (ECV) refers to the space or volume of a tissue, which is not occupied by cells. Apart from the usual extracellular space, which surrounds the cells of a specific tissue it also includes the intracapillary plasma volume 1,2. It measures the space, which is occupied by the ex...

MRI of the elbow is a fairly frequent examination in musculoskeletal radiology practice and not quite as common in general radiological practice. This approach is an example of how to create a radiological report of an elbow MRI with coverage of the most common anatomical sites of possible patho...

Coracoacromial arch is a term for different bony and ligamentous structures, which form the superior border supraspinatus outlet 1-4. Gross anatomy It comprises the following anatomical structures from anterior to posterior 1: coracoid process coracoacromial ligament acromioclavicular joint...

MRI of the ankle is one of the more frequent examinations faced in daily radiological practice. This approach is an example of how to create a radiological report of an MRI of the ankle with coverage of the most common anatomical sites of possible pathology, within the ankle without claim for co...

Myocardial edema refers to an increased water content of the myocardium particularly within the extracellular interstitium 1. Clinical presentation Myocardial edema often reflects an acute or subacute cardiac event, most often either ischemic or inflammatory and thus can be associated with che...

Myocardial fibrosis refers to an increase in collagen volume within the extracellular interstitium of the myocardium 1-3. Clinical presentation Myocardial fibrosis leads to diastolic and or systolic dysfunction and patients can present with symptoms associated with cardiac insufficiency arrhyt...

Posteromedial ankle impingement is one of the impingement syndromes of the ankle. It usually follows an injury of the deltoid ligament 1-4. Epidemiology It is one of the less common ankle impingement syndromes 2. It is associated with a previous ankle sprain and deltoid ligament injury 1-3. C...

Anteromedial impingement of the ankle is one of the ankle impingement syndromes and can occur as a late effect of a traumatic injury 1-3. Epidemiology It is one of the less common ankle impingement syndromes 2. It can occur as a result of a previous plantar flexion and inversion injury and can...

Anterolateral ankle impingement is one of the impingement syndromes of the ankle and can occur as a posttraumatic sequel of an inversion injury 1-6. Terminology Anterolateral ankle impingement has been known under the term anterolateral 'meniscoid lesion', which is the result of synovitis in t...

The anterolateral recess of the ankle joint also known as the anterolateral gutter is a triangular or pyramidal formed topographical space of the anterolateral aspect of the ankle 1-4. Gross anatomy The space may contain joint fluid in asymptomatic individuals and is defined by the following a...

Tibiotalar spurs are bony proliferations of the anterior tibial plafond and the anterior talus. Epidemiology Tibiotalar spurs are very common in professional athletes 1. Clinical presentation They can be found in asymptomatic individuals or in patients who present with anterior ankle pain. ...

The myocardial area at risk (AAR) is defined by the ischemic proportion of the myocardium after coronary occlusion and reflects the potential size of the myocardial infarction 1-9. Usage The assessment of the myocardial area at risk is an important measure in the evaluation of the potentially ...

Myocardial salvage is referred to as the reversibly injured myocardium in a setting of myocardial ischemia and/or myocardial infarction, which remains non-infarcted after reperfusion 1-7. Usage The assessment of myocardial salvage is an important measure in the evaluation of the efficacy of th...

The transverse tibiofibular ligament is part of the tibiofibular syndesmosis. Gross anatomy The transverse ligament is a thick round ligament, which takes a horizontal course between the posterior tibia and the edge of the lateral malleolar fossa distal to the posterior tibiofibular ligament a...

Torsion in bone refers to the rotation or contortion along the longitudinal axis of the bone. The long bones, particularly the femur, humerus and tibia are most commonly affected by torsional abnormalities, that can be developmental or post-traumatic or can arise from overuse 1. Torsion is mea...

Carpet lesion is a term for focal chondral delamination, where articular cartilage is peeled off the subchondral bone plate as a result of shearing forces. It is a frequent finding on hip arthroscopy and is associated with femoroacetabular impingement 1,2, particularly cam morphology 6. Termino...

Chondral fissures are a type of chondral injury, more accurately cracks, cleavages or crevices of cartilage extending from the articular surface to the deeper chondral layers. They usually develop as a result of high compressive forces 1 and are often found in the patellar or trochlear cartilage...

Intrasubstance rotator cuff tears also known as concealed interstitial delaminations (CID) are concealed partial-thickness rotator cuff tears neither extending to the articular nor the bursal side of the rotator cuff. Epidemiology According to cadaver studies they are the most common form of p...

Intramyocardial hemorrhage is referred to as the extravasation of erythrocytes and/or blood products into the myocardium. Epidemiology Intramyocardial hemorrhage occurs in 35-50% of the patients with successful coronary revascularization of ST-elevation myocardial infarction 1-4. Associations...

The ischial spine sign is a radiographic sign on the AP view of the pelvis, for the diagnosis of acetabular retroversion, which poses a form of pincer morphology and predisposes to femoroacetabular impingement. Acetabular retroversion seems to be a result of a rotation of the entire acetabular ...