Items tagged “cases”

5,504 results found
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Garcin syndrome

Garcin syndrome, also known as hemibasal syndrome or Guillain-Alajouanine-Garcin syndrome, is characterized by progressive ipsilateral cranial neuropathies of at least seven cranial nerves, with no evidence of raised intracranial pressure, long-tract signs, or cerebellar signs, classically attri...
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Canal-to-body ratio of Torg and Pavlov

The canal-to-body ratio of Torg and Pavlov is a method of evaluating the degree of cervical canal stenosis on lateral cervical spine radiographs. Terminology This ratio is variously referred to as the Torg ratio 3, the Pavlov ratio 3,4, the Torg-Pavlov ratio 5, or the canal-to-body ratio 3. M...
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CNS tumor with BCOR internal tandem duplication

CNS tumor with BCOR internal tandem duplication (BCOR-ITD) is a rare and relatively new brain tumor type that has been added to the WHO classification of CNS tumors 5th edition as part of the embryonal family of tumors. Originally identified through molecular analysis of tumors classified as pri...
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Microcephaly with a simplified gyral pattern

Microcephaly with a simplified gyral pattern (MSG) is a congenital malformation characterized by microcephaly accompanied by a simplified gyral pattern. The term “simplified gyral pattern” often describes a reduced number of gyri and shallow sulci with a normal cortical thickness and architectur...
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Pico method

The Pico method is a CT-based calculation of glenoid bone loss in terms of an area (expressed in mm 2 or surface percentage). Before treatment, glenoid bone defect quantification with PICO method is required to select the best option (i.e. arthroscopy vs open surgery with bone transposition). M...
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Wright and Cofield classification of postoperative periprosthetic humeral fractures

The Wright and Cofield classification system can be used for postoperative periprosthetic humeral fractures. Humeral periprosthetic fractures may be intraoperative or postoperative shoulder arthroplasty complications, which can lead to loosening and migration of the prosthesis 1. Classification...
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Osseous Tumor Reporting and Data System (OT-RADS)

Osseous Tumor Reporting and Data System (OT-RADS) is a reporting and communication tool designed to reliably identify benign and malignant bone tumors and to communicate them in a standardized way, using BI-RADS as an example 1-3. History and etymology The Osseous Tumor Reporting and Data Syst...
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Acromial and scapular spine fractures after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty

Acromial and scapular spine fractures after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) can occur intraoperatively or postoperatively with post-operative stress fractures the most common. Epidemiology Acromial and scapular spine fractures complicate ~7.5% (range 3.1-11.2%) of RTSAs 1,2. Pathol...
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Numb chin syndrome

Numb chin syndrome describes a sensory neuropathy occurring in the distribution of either the mental nerve or inferior alveolar nerve. While numb chin syndrome has a multitude of causes, it is considered an ominous entity due to its strong association with heralding advanced malignancy 1. Clini...
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Left atrial appendage thrombus

Left atrial appendage thrombus is a site of intra-cardiac thrombus and refers to the presence of thrombus within the left atrial appendage. The left atrial appendage is considered the main location of thrombus formation, predominantly in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Radiogra...
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Inferior tympanic artery

The inferior tympanic artery is a small branch of the ascending pharyngeal artery that supplies the tympanic cavity. Summary origin: proximal neuromeningeal trunk of ascending pharyngeal artery course: passage through tympanic canaliculus termination: anastomosis with caroticotympanic arter...
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Leddy and Packer classification of jersey finger injuries

The Leddy and Packer classification of jersey finger injuries, which is an avulsion injury of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) from its insertion at the base of the distal phalanx, is based on the level of tendon retraction and presence of fracture 2,3. Classification Leddy and Packer clas...
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Cruess classification of humeral head osteonecrosis

The Cruess classification of humeral head osteonecrosis uses plain radiographs, CT and/or MRI for its staging system. Early Cruess stage osteonecrosis may only be detected on MRI. Classification The Cruess classification is the best-known system and is composed of five stages 1: stage I: pre-...
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Subscapularis insufficiency after shoulder arthroplasty

Subscapularis insufficiency after shoulder arthroplasty is a complication that can cause severe loss of function and implant longevity. Exposure of the glenohumeral joint during surgical total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) procedures is associated with a risk of causing iatrogenic damage to the su...
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Core decompression of osteonecrosis

Core decompression is the first-line surgical option for symptomatic and low-grade osteonecrosis of the femoral or humeral head. Core decompression improves symptoms and prevents progression and femoral/humeral head collapse by reducing subchondral bone marrow pressure and promoting neovasculari...
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Overshunting-associated myelopathy

Overshunting-associated myelopathy, also known as Miyazaki syndrome, is a very rare form of compressive myelopathy that is a complication of intracranial hypotension due to excessive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion. Clinical presentation Patients present with progressive cervical myelopath...
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Brunn's cyst of the urinary bladder

Brunn cysts or mucous cysts of the urinary bladder are considered to originate from von Brunn nests as the result of pinching off of epithelial nests from urothelial buds. Cysts in the urinary bladder are considered as tumor-like lesions. Clinical presentation Most Brunn cysts are asymptomatic...
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Essential tremor

Essential tremor describes a chronic, progressive, predominantly bilateral upper limb, action tremor syndrome, present without parkinsonism, dystonia and ataxia. Essential tremor associated with other 'soft' neurological signs is known as essential tremor plus. Epidemiology Essential tremor is...
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Gallbladder folds

Gallbladder folds arise due to the gallbladder wall folding onto itself. They are thick, junctional in nature and incomplete or non-continuous in appearance. The posterior wall is usually involved, however, anterior wall folds may also occur 1. The folding may produce a bizarre or unusual shap...
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Urinary bladder cyst

Urinary bladder cysts are considered tumor-like lesions and true simple cysts arising from the bladder wall are extremely rare 1. Pathology Three types of cysts have been described 1: urachal cysts: dome and anterior wall cloacal cysts: posterior wall simple cyst of the bladder wa...