Items tagged “cases”

Subscapularis insufficiency after shoulder arthroplasty is a complication that can cause severe loss of function and implant longevity. Exposure of the glenohumeral joint during surgical total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) procedures is associated with a risk of causing iatrogenic damage to the su...

Core decompression is the first-line surgical option for symptomatic and low-grade osteonecrosis of the femoral or humeral head. Core decompression improves symptoms and prevents progression and femoral/humeral head collapse by reducing subchondral bone marrow pressure and promoting neovasculari...

Overshunting-associated myelopathy, also known as Miyazaki syndrome, is a very rare form of compressive myelopathy that is a complication of intracranial hypotension due to excessive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion. Clinical presentation Patients present with progressive cervical myelopath...

Brunn cysts or mucous cysts of the urinary bladder are considered to originate from von Brunn nests as the result of pinching off of epithelial nests from urothelial buds. Cysts in the urinary bladder are considered as tumor-like lesions. Clinical presentation Most Brunn cysts are asymptomatic...

Essential tremor describes a chronic, progressive, predominantly bilateral upper limb, action tremor syndrome, present without parkinsonism, dystonia and ataxia. Essential tremor associated with other 'soft' neurological signs is known as essential tremor plus. Epidemiology Essential tremor is...

Gallbladder folds arise due to the gallbladder wall folding onto itself. They are thick, junctional in nature and incomplete or non-continuous in appearance. The posterior wall is usually involved, however, anterior wall folds may also occur 1. The folding may produce a bizarre or unusual shap...

Urinary bladder cysts are considered tumor-like lesions and true simple cysts arising from the bladder wall are extremely rare 1. Pathology Three types of cysts have been described 1: urachal cysts: dome and anterior wall cloacal cysts: posterior wall simple cyst of the bladder wa...

The flip-flop fungus sign suggests benign pulmonary disease on FDG-PET 1-4. Lung cancer nodules demonstrate increasing FDG-avidity as the tumor grows. Lymph node spread occurs later and is therefore at an earlier stage of development and usually exhibits lower FDG-avidity 4. Acutely, FDG-avidi...

Periprosthetic joint infection of shoulder arthroplasties is one of the most common reasons for post-operative revision surgery. Propionibacterium acnes is the most commonly associated organism. Epidemiology The mean incidence has been reported to be ~1%; although after reverse total shoulder ...

The Nerot-Sirveaux classification of scapular notching describes the radiographic extent of bone loss in patients with scapular notching after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). An AP glenoid view (tangential to baseplate) is needed to assess for scapular notching, which will allow vis...

The pancreaticoduodenal space (PDS) or groove (PDG) is a small anatomical potential space between the pancreatic head and duodenum 1. Gross anatomy Boundaries medial: pancreatic head lateral: 2nd portion of duodenum superior: duodenal bulb inferior 3rd portion of duodenum posterior: infer...

Knuckle pads, also known as Garrod pads, Garrod nodes or holoderma, are benign, subcutaneous, fibrofatty growths that overlie the interphalangeal joints of the fingers or toes 1,2. These are a rare form of superficial musculoskeletal fibromatoses. Clinical presentation Knuckle pads present as ...

Gliomatosis peritonei is very rare and is characterized by the implantation of benign mature glial tissue in the peritoneum, omentum, and/or lymph nodes. It is usually associated with ovarian teratoma, although has rarely been seen with other teratomas 1-4. Rarely gliomatosis peritonei has also...

The Akeret or anatomical staging of neuroepithelial tumors adheres loosely to the general scheme underlying AJCC TNM staging. Like other cancer staging systems, it assists in estimating the individual prognosis, in tailoring patient-specific therapy and surveillance, and in improving the compara...

Listeria monocytogenes meningoencephalitis is a relatively common cause of bacterial meningoencephalitis and is more common in the elderly and immunocompromised 2. Epidemiology Listeria meningoencephalitis can occur sporadically or in the setting of foodborne epidemics 1. Where meningoencephal...

Accessory hepatic grooves (also known as accessory hepatic fissures or accessory hepatic sulci) are a common anatomic variant, with majority of accessory grooves occurring over the diaphragmatic surface of the liver 1,2. Several hypotheses have been made regarding the process by which an access...

Internal auditory canal atresia, also known as internal auditory canal stenosis, is characterized by partial or complete bony atresia of the internal auditory canal, often in association with hypoplasia/aplasia of the vestibulocochlear nerve. Terminology Internal auditory meatus is commonly us...

Surgical splenorenal shunts are anastomoses created between the splenic vein and the left renal vein, performed to ameliorate portal hypertension typically in the context of variceal bleeding. Terminology Surgical splenorenal shunts are not to be confused with spontaneous splenorenal shunts, w...

Bridging vein thrombosis describes thrombosis of the fragile bridging veins that cross the subarachnoid and subdural spaces. The presence of bridging vein thrombosis on imaging has a strong association with non-accidental injury and can hint towards a traumatic etiology behind subdural hematoma ...

The spoke wheel sign is described in focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and describes the pattern of internal vasculature of FNHs seen on color Doppler ultrasound when multiple arteries radiate peripherally from the center of the lesion. This sign was classically applied to the color/power Doppler...