Items tagged “cases”
5,525 results found
Article
Gradenigo syndrome
Gradenigo syndrome consists of the triad of:
suppurative otitis media with persistent otorrhoea and ear pain
abducens nerve palsy, secondary to involvement of the nerve as it passes through Dorello canal
retro-orbital pain, or pain in the cutaneous distribution of the frontal and maxillary di...
Article
Haemangioendothelioma
A haemangioendothelioma is a tumour derived from blood vessels.
Pathology
Subtypes
Subtypes dependent on location include
haemangioendothelioma (MSK)
haemangioendothelioma of liver
See also
epithelioid haemangioendothelioma
Article
Musculoskeletal haemangioendothelioma
Haemangioendotheliomas, along with haemangiopericytomas and angiosarcomas, are tumours that arise from vascular structures. In the case of haemangioendotheliomas, the cell of origin is the endothelial cell, and they range from benign to frankly malignant lesions.
Epidemiology
They typically oc...
Article
Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration
Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN), historically also known as Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome, is an autosomal recessive disorder causing involuntary spasticity and progressive dementia. It is a subset of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA).
Epidemiology
Cla...
Article
Heerfordt syndrome
Heerfordt syndrome, also known as Heerfordt-Waldenström syndrome or uveoparotid fever, is a variant of sarcoidosis, comprising of:
fever
parotid enlargement
facial palsy
ocular involvement (anterior uveitis)
Epidemiology
The exact prevalence is unknown, as only isolated case reports exist....
Article
Haemangiopericytoma (historical)
Haemangiopericytoma is a term formerly used to describe a continuum of mesenchymal tumours with elevated cellularity found throughout the body in soft tissue and bone. After many years of controversy, haemangiopericytomas have been shown to not only share histological features similar to solitar...
Article
Hemifacial spasm
Hemifacial spasm is characterised by episodic facial spasms due to irritation of the facial nerve (CN VII).
Epidemiology
Most cases present above the age of 40 years and with a 2:1 female predominance 4.
Clinical presentation
Often the condition begins insidiously with painless spasm of the ...
Article
Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome
Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), previously known as hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD), is a condition arising from occlusion of hepatic venules.
Clinical presentation
right upper quadrant pain
painful hepatomegaly
ascites
abnormal liver function tests
Pathology
Toxic injury to l...
Article
Hydrocolpos
Hydrocolpos is characterised by an expanded fluid-filled vaginal cavity. When it is associated with distention of the uterine cavity, the term hydrometrocolpos should then be used. It may present in neonate, infancy or in an adolescent girl with a lower abdominal mass, or be delayed till menarch...
Article
Hydrometrocolpos
Hydrometrocolpos is characterised by an expanded fluid filled vaginal cavity with associated distention of the uterine cavity. It may present in infancy with a lower abdominal mass, or be delayed till menarche.
Pathology
Aetiology
imperforate hymen (most common) also involves the upper portio...
Article
Hyperostosis frontoparietalis
Hyperostosis frontoparietalis is a variant of the more common and more well known hyperostosis frontalis interna. As the name suggests, there is benign overgrowth exclusively of the inner table of the frontal bones and parietal bones. Characteristic features include sparing of the midline and ou...
Article
Incus
The incus (plural: incudes) is the middle of the three ossicles articulating with the head of the malleus anteromedially, forming the incudomalleolar joint, and the stapes inferomedially, forming the incudostapedial joint.
Gross anatomy
Four parts of the incus are named:
body
contiguous with...
Article
Interstitial ectopic pregnancy
Interstitial ectopic pregnancy, also known as intramural ectopic pregnancy, is an important type of ectopic pregnancy which occurs in the proximal portion of the fallopian tube that lies within the muscle wall of the uterus. This is type of ectopic is associated with higher risks of rupture and ...
Article
Interstitial line sign
The interstitial line sign is an ultrasound finding in interstitial ectopic pregnancy. It is an echogenic line from the mass to the endometrial echo complex. Reportedly it has high sensitivity (80%) and specificity (98%).
Article
Intraosseous ganglion
Intraosseous ganglion cysts, intraosseous ganglia or juxta-articular bone cysts are benign tumour-like non-neoplastic lesions occurring in the subchondral regions of bone in the absence of degenerative or inflammatory arthritis 1,2.
Epidemiology
Intraosseous ganglion cysts tend to occur in mi...
Article
Kager triangle
Kager triangle is a sharply marginated radiolucent triangle seen posteriorly on lateral radiographs of the ankle. It represents the Kager fat pad, although often the latter term is used as a synonym for Kager triangle, even though they are not strictly the same.
It is bordered anteriorly by the...
Article
Kasabach-Merritt syndrome
Kasabach-Merritt syndrome, also known as haemangioma thrombocytopenia syndrome, is a rare life-threatening disease found mostly in infants in which a rapidly growing vascular tumour is responsible for thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, and consumptive coagulopathy.
Pathology...
Article
Kerr kink
The Kerr kink is a sign of renal tuberculosis. Scarring in the adjacent tissues due to chronic inflammation leads to a sharp kink at the pelviureteric junction (PUJ).
History and etymology
William "Bill" K Kerr, a Canadian urologist, described his eponymous sign in 1967 3.
Article
Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease
Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease, also known as subacute necrotising lymphadenitis or subacute necrotising histiocytosis, is an idiopathic disease characterised usually by cervical lymph node enlargement (80%).
Epidemiology
It typically affects young women. Although it may affect any race, there is hi...
Article
Kimura disease
Kimura disease, also known historically as eosinophilic hyperplastic lymphogranuloma, is a rare benign inflammatory disease that characteristically manifests as enlargement of cervical lymph nodes and salivary glands.
Epidemiology
Kimura disease typically affects males (80%) between 20-40 year...
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