Items tagged “cases”
5,525 results found
Article
Myocardial ischemia
Myocardial ischemia refers to the result of a mismatch between myocardial oxygen supply and demand as a consequence of the cessation of blood flow resulting in reversible injury or myocardial cell death if prolonged associated with a loss of contractile function.
Epidemiology
The total prevale...
Article
Chronic maxillary atelectasis
Chronic maxillary atelectasis is a descriptive term that is characterized by a persistent decrease in the maxillary sinus volume due to inward bowing of its walls.
Terminology
It is not considered synonymous with - but can include the term silent sinus syndrome, typically when there is also sp...
Article
REACT syndrome
Reversible acute cerebellar toxicity (REACT) syndrome is a potentially reversible acute encephalopathic syndrome 1,2.
Epidemiology
REACT is a rare syndrome that has been associated with several opioid and chemotherapeutic agents, including Minnelide 1,2.
Clinical presentation
Patients typic...
Article
Hip arthroplasty (overview)
Hip arthroplasties are a very common form of joint replacement for the treatment of different pathologic conditions of the hip joint, including osteoarthritis of the hip, Inflammatory arthritis and osteonecrosis as well as fracture of the proximal femur1-3.
The term hip arthroplasty comprises...
Article
Shoulder resurfacing arthroplasty
Shoulder resurfacing arthroplasty is a form of partial shoulder joint replacement for the management of pathologies concerning the humeral head.
History and etymology
The first shoulder arthroplasty was performed by Péan in 1893. The current 3rd generation arthroplasties were introduced by Nee...
Article
Shoulder hemiarthroplasty
Shoulder hemiarthroplasty is a form of partial shoulder joint replacement for the management of pathologies concerning the proximal humerus.
History and etymology
The first shoulder arthroplasty was constructed by Péan in 1893. The current 3rd generation arthroplasties have been introduced by ...
Article
Osteoarthritis of the shoulder
Osteoarthritis of the shoulder or glenohumeral osteoarthritis is referred to as progressive damage of the glenohumeral cartilage associated with bony erosions pain and a loss in function of the glenohumeral joint.
Epidemiology
The glenohumeral joint is one of the less common joints affected by...
Article
Popliteus bursa
The popliteus bursa also known as subpopliteal recess is a synovial lined knee expansion or recess and located in the posterolateral corner of the knee.
Gross anatomy
The popliteus bursa is an expansion of the synovial membrane positioned between the posterior portion of the lateral meniscus a...
Article
Third head of gastrocnemius
Third head of gastrocnemius, also known as accessory head of gastrocnemius, is a normal anatomical variation where there is an accessory muscle bundle of the gastrocnemius muscle in addition to the medial and lateral heads.
Epidemiology
It is the most common variation of the gastrocnemius. Its...
Article
Lesions of the prepatellar quadriceps continuation
Lesions of the prepatellar quadriceps continuation are partial or complete tears of the prepatellar quadriceps continuation, that can occur with or without patellar or quadriceps tendon tears and can cause anterior knee pain.
Pathology
Disruption and separation of prepatellar quadriceps conti...
Article
Pediatric opioid use‐associated neurotoxicity with cerebellar edema (POUNCE) syndrome
Pediatric opioid use‐associated neurotoxicity with cerebellar edema (POUNCE) syndrome is a toxic encephalopathy in children with opioid overdose that features prominent cerebellar edema. Cerebellar predominance, along with variable supratentorial involvement, appears to be a distinct pattern of ...
Article
Opioid-associated amnestic syndrome
Opioid-associated amnestic syndrome is a form of opioid neurotoxicity characterized by acute memory loss and bilateral hippocampal diffusion restriction and/or T2/FLAIR hyperintensity on MRI.
Epidemiology
About 40 cases have been reported in the English literature as of 2020 1.
Fentanyl is th...
Article
Posterior nutcracker syndrome
Posterior nutcracker syndrome is a rare vascular compression disorder, in which a retroaortic left renal vein is trapped between the aorta and the vertebral column.
Clinical presentation
The most reported clinical manifestation is microscopic or macroscopic hematuria.
See also
vascular compr...
Article
Trichoptysis
Trichoptysis (rare plural: trichoptyses) is an extremely rare symptom, whereby patients cough up hair. It is highly specific for rupture of a mediastinal teratoma into the tracheobronchial tree, however it is not pathognomonic as several articles claim (see below) 1,2. Nevertheless it remains a ...
Article
International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification
International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification (IFAC) result from an expert consensus, developed to improve the ability of the surgeon to understand the possible variations of the frontal recess and frontal sinus anatomy.
Classification
anterior cells: push the drainage pathway of the fron...
Article
Posterior cruciate ligament ganglion cyst
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) ganglion cysts are intra-articular ganglion cysts and represent one type of many cyst-like lesions around the knee.
Terminology
Posterior cruciate ligament ganglion cysts are also referred to as 'posterior cruciate ligament cysts' or 'ganglia' 1.
Epidemiology...
Article
Hoffa fat pad ganglion cyst
Hoffa fat pad ganglion cysts are intra-articular ganglion cysts and are the most common mass-like lesions within the Hoffa fat pad.
Epidemiology
Hoffa fat pad ganglion cysts are rare and less common than cruciate ligament ganglion cysts 1,2.
Clinical presentation
Ganglia within Hoffa’s fat p...
Article
Intra-articular ganglion cyst
Intra-articular ganglion cysts are ganglion cysts within the joints. They typically show an intracapsular, extra-synovial location. They can occur within all the joints and can present with pain, swelling and sometimes even locking symptoms.
The following ganglion cysts are examples 1-8:
knee
...
Article
First branchial cleft fistula
First branchial cleft fistulae are rare congenital malformations arising from the branchial apparatus during embryogenesis 1-5. They are often in close relation to the parotid gland, facial nerve, external auditory canal and the anterior neck near the angle of the mandible 1,2,5. Diagnosis can b...
Article
Medial cuneiform fracture
Isolated medial cuneiform fractures are rare, and fractures of the medial cuneiform are more commonly seen in combination with other fractures of the foot.
Epidemiology
Most commonly, fractures of the cuneiform bones occur in combination with other fracture-dislocations of the midfoot 3. When...
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