Items tagged “cases”
5,524 results found
Article
Peribronchiolar metaplasia
Peribronchiolar metaplasia is a partially recognized pathological entity characterized by fibrosis of the alveolar septa adjacent to terminal bronchioles and alveolar ducts, with bronchiolar-type epithelial metaplasia of the peribronchiolar alveolar walls. It is currently only accepted by some a...
Article
Island sign
The island sign is a radiological sign seen on non-contrast CT of the brain. It is used as a marker to predict hematoma expansion and prognosis in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage 1. It is posited that the small islands of hematomas represent multiple sources of hemorrhage from injury to a...
Article
Protrusion of the infraorbital canal into the maxillary sinus
Protrusion of the infraorbital canal into the maxillary sinus is a type of variant anatomy where the infraorbital canal traverses below the level of the orbital floor and often through the maxillary sinus to varying degrees. It can be detected on sinus CT and cone beam computed tomography and it...
Article
Leave alone lesions - breast
Breast leave alone lesions are so characteristic on mammography that further diagnostic tests such as a biopsy are unnecessary. All of these lesions are entirely benign and known as BI-RADS 2 findings:
lipoma: fat density; well-defined rounded lesion
oil cyst: fat density; well-defined lesion;...
Article
Pseudo-Madelung deformity
Pseudo-Madelung deformity refers to increased radial inclination (i.e. ulnar tilt) of the distal radius but with negative ulnar variance and the absence of other typical features of Madelung deformity 1.
Pathology
Pseudo-Madelung deformity can be due to 1-3:
hereditary multiple exostoses
pos...
Article
Flat-top talus
Flat-top talus is considered a complication of non-operative treatment of congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) but can also be seen in surgically treated and non-treated patients and the etiology is not clear 1,2. It results in reduced ankle dorsiflexion due to anterior ankle impingement fr...
Article
Intravascular lipoma
Intravascular lipomas, also known as intravenous lipomas, are rare benign primary intravascular lesions with fatty nature 1.
Clinical presentation
They are usually asymptomatic. When intravascular lipomas become large, they can cause partial obstruction and mass effect. If they occur in supe...
Article
Duplication of the pituitary gland - plus syndrome
Duplication of the pituitary gland (DPG) is a rare developmental anomaly that may occur in an isolated fashion or in combination with other congenital craniofacial anomalies, hence, the term DPG-plus syndrome.
Epidemiology
Duplication of the pituitary gland is a very rare disease with a small ...
Article
Giant cell tumor (disambiguation)
There are a few types of giant cell tumors that may be morphologically similar but are genetically unrelated 1-3:
giant cell tumor of bone
giant cell tumor of soft tissue
tenosynovial giant cell tumor
localized tenosynovial giant cell tumor
diffuse tenosynovial giant cell tumor
Article
Saphena varix
Saphena varix refers to a dilation of the great saphenous vein at its junction with the femoral vein at the level of the groin.
Epidemiology
Saphena varix is a rare condition 4.
Clinical presentation
A saphena varix presents as a reducible swelling in the groin that may be confused for a f...
Article
Medial tibial crest friction syndrome
Medial tibial crest friction syndrome, also known as medial tibial condyle friction syndrome, is a rare entity characterized by the symptomatic inflammation resulting from extra-capsular friction of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) of the knee on the medial tibial crest 1-3.
Clinical prese...
Article
Traditional serrated adenoma
Traditional serrated adenomas are a type of premalignant serrated colonic polyp.
Epidemiology
They are thought to account for <1% of all colonic polyps and 1-7% of all serrated lesions. They tend to occur in older patients (usually over 50 years) with no significant gender predilection.
Patho...
Article
Familial hypercholesterolemia
Familial hypercholesterolemia is a common autosomal dominant 1 condition resulting in hyperlipidemia.
Epidemiology
1 in 200 individuals are estimated to be carriers of at least one gene associated with familial hypercholesterolemia 1.
Pathology
Features of hyperlipidemia such as early/exces...
Article
Adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas
Adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas is a rare, highly aggressive malignancy, clinically indistinguishable from the more common pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Their defining pathological and imaging characteristics are the frequent presence of central necrosis and vascular invasion.
Termi...
Article
Acanthosis nigricans
Acanthosis nigricans is a cutaneous disorder characterized by symmetric hyperpigmented velvety plaques on the neck, axillae, antecubital and popliteal fossae, inframammary, and groin areas. It is associated with acquired lipodystrophy.
Pathology
The benign form of acanthosis nigricans is assoc...
Article
Metopic ridge
A metopic ridge refers to a variation in skull shape, characterized by a midline forehead ridge, which may occur either due to the physiological closure of the metopic suture or as a result of craniosynostosis of this suture 1-3. It is essential to differentiate between the two conditions becaus...
Article
Non-fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Non-fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis is a phenotypical form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis and one of the main two subtypes under the newer classification systems.
Radiographic features
CT
Described features include 1
mosaic attenuation pattern: typically reflects coexistent lobules af...
Article
Tympanosclerosis
Tympanosclerosis is a descripitve terms which refers to deposition of hyalinised collagen +/- calcium in the tympanic cavity. If it occurs in solely tympanic membrane, it is termed myringosclerosis 1.
It can often be associated with chronic otomastoiditis is which instance it is termed chronic ...
Article
Sporotrichosis
Sporotrichosis is a rare chronic fungal infection.
Pathology
Sporotrichosis is caused by a dimorphic fungus Sporothrix spp.:
Sporothrix schenckii: considered the most common and can affect the respiratory system
Sporothrix brasiliensis
Sporothrix globosa
Sporothrix pallida
Sporothrix mexi...
Article
Reversible bronchiectasis
Reversible bronchiectasis is a term describing dilated bronchial tree in a patient with a collapsed (atelectatic) lobe. It is thought to be due to increased tension on the bronchial wall by the collapsed lung. The dilated bronchi usually return to their normal size when the lung expands. The phr...
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