Items tagged “cases”
5,502 results found
Article
HIV esophagitis
HIV esophagitis is a possible cause of odynophagia in immunosuppressed patients with HIV.
Epidemiology
The actual incidence and prevalence of idiopathic esophagitis of HIV are unknown. Most of the patients have AIDS and a CD4 count <100 cells/mm3 3.
Clinical presentation
Principal clinical ...
Article
Bolger classification of maxillary sinus hypoplasia
The Bolger classification of maxillary sinus hypoplasia proposed by Bolger et al. in 1990 1 takes into account associated anomalies of the uncinate process, which are of utmost importance for planning functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS).
Maxillary sinus hypoplasia in itself is asymptomat...
Article
Ultrasound transducer
An ultrasound transducer converts electrical energy into mechanical (sound) energy and back again, based on the piezoelectric effect. It is the hand-held part of the ultrasound machine that is responsible for the production and detection of ultrasound waves.
Components
A transducer consists of...
Article
Prostate-specific membrane antigen
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), also known as glutamate carboxypeptidase II, is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that has become an increasingly prominent imaging biomarker 1. PSMA has emerged as a useful target in PET imaging of prostate cancer, especially in the evaluation of sm...
Article
Oblique pericardial sinus
The oblique pericardial sinus is a blind-ending pericardial cul-de-sac behind the heart which opens into the pericardial space proper inferiorly.
Gross anatomy
The oblique sinus forms the posterior pericardial recess 5.
Boundaries
right (in ascending order): inferior vena cava, right inferio...
Article
Hammer toe deformity
Hammer toe deformity is proximal interphalangeal joint hyperflexion, usually associated with distal interphalangeal joint hyperextension and either a neutral or less commonly hyperextended metatarsophalangeal joint. This deformity may affect one or more of the lesser toes and may be flexible or ...
Article
Esophageal squamous papilloma
Esophageal squamous papilloma is an uncommon finding on esophagography (barium swallow). It is a benign lesion, but it is difficult to differentiate it from osophageal carcinoma on esophagography and the diagnosis is usually made with endoscopic biopsy.
Clinical presentation
Often asymptomatic...
Article
Drowning (postmortem findings)
Drowning is one of the most prevalent causes of non-natural death with typical postmortem imaging findings. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 360,000 annual deaths occur due to drowning.
This article concerns itself with postmortem appearances in fatalities from dro...
Article
Nothnagel syndrome
Nothnagel syndrome is a rare midbrain syndrome that involves the tectum of the midbrain (quadrigeminal plate) and superior cerebellar peduncles 1-4,6.
Clinical presentation
Classically, the syndrome involves the oculomotor nerve fascicles and superior cerebellar peduncle, leading to ipsilatera...
Article
Babinski-Nageotte syndrome
Babinski-Nageotte syndrome is thought to be a brainstem stroke syndrome in between that of the hemimedullary syndrome (Reinhold syndrome) and the lateral medullary syndrome (Wallenberg syndrome), but distinct to that of Cestan-Chenais syndrome 1,2.
Terminology
In many texts this eponymous syn...
Article
Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia
Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia is a form of skeletal dysplasia mainly involving the spine and proximal epiphyses.
Clinical presentation
short neck
short trunk with protruding abdomen
normal IQ
spine
atlantoaxial instability
craniovertebral junction stenosis
platyspondyly
scoliosis
exag...
Article
IgG4-related hypophysitis
IgG4-related hypophysitis is a rare cause of inflammation of the pituitary gland and an uncommon manifestation of the systemic IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD).
Epidemiology
Although IgG4-RD tends to present in middle-aged and elderly men, the gender ratio is more balanced in patients with IgG4-...
Article
Dysphagia megalatriensis
Dysphagia megalatriensis, also known as cardiovascular dysphagia or cardiac dysphagia, is an impairment of swallowing due to esophageal compression from a dilated left atrium.
Clinical presentation
Presentation is generally with mild dysphagia, although a minority of patients will have dyspha...
Article
Waardenburg syndrome
Waardenburg syndrome is a rare neurocristopathy, with congenital pigmentary disorder secondary to an abnormal distribution of neural crest-derived melanocytes during embryogenesis resulting in patchy areas of depigmentation. It is considered in the investigation of congenital sensorineural deafn...
Article
Glenoid avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament
Glenoid avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament (GAGL) is a shoulder injury that is similar to the humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament (HAGL) but where the avulsion fracture is of the glenoid attachment of the inferior glenohumeral ligament rather than the humeral attachment, with or wit...
Article
Townes-Brocks syndrome
Townes-Brocks syndrome (Renal-Ear-Anal-Radial (REAR) syndrome) is a rare autosomal dominant disease characterized by renal, anal, ear, and thumb abnormalities.
Clinical presentation
The major manifestations of this syndrome include:
renal: displaced or rotated kidneys, horseshoe kidney, p...
Article
Inferior aortic recess
The inferior aortic recess is one of the pericardial recesses forming a small space within the pericardium, which arises from the transverse pericardial sinus between the ascending aorta and the left atrium. It extends inferiorly to the level of the aortic valve. It may mimic mediastinal lymphad...
Article
Right pulmonary venous recess
The right pulmonary venous recess is one of the pericardial recesses forming a small space within the pericardium. It arises from the pericardial cavity proper located between the right superior and inferior pulmonary veins, posterior to the left atrium. It invaginates towards the oblique perica...
Article
Left pulmonary venous recess
The left pulmonary venous recess is one of the pericardial recesses forming a small space within the pericardium. It arises from the pericardial cavity proper located between the left superior and inferior pulmonary veins, posterior to the left atrium. It invaginates towards the oblique pericard...
Article
Koerner septum
The Koerner septum, also known as the petrosquamous lamina or septum, is a thin bridge of bone which divides the petrous and squamous portion of the mastoid air cells at the level of the mastoid antrum. It represents the continuation and persistence of the petrosquamous suture 2.
It is commonly...