Items tagged “cases”
5,514 results found
Article
Coronary artery dissection
Coronary artery dissection is a rare cause of acute coronary syndrome especially in young patients who are otherwise healthy.
A spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is defined as a non-iatrogenic dissection of an epicardial coronary artery not associated with atherosclerosis or trauma....
Article
Suprabullar recess
The suprabullar recess is a potential opening (cleft) between the bulla lamella and skull base located along the posterior margin of the frontal recess with which it may communicate directly. It is present when the bulla lamella is incomplete superiorly.
Terminology
The term sinus lateralis i...
Article
Retrobullar recess
The retrobullar recess is a small potential opening (cleft) rather than an actual air cell located superior and posterior to the ethmoid bulla, separating it from the skull base and basal lamella. The ethmoid bulla usually opens posteriorly in the retrobullar recess.
Gross anatomy
Boundaries
...
Article
Lamina papyracea
The lamina papyracea, also known as the orbital lamina of the ethmoid bone, is the principal component of the medial wall of the orbit, and also the lateral surface of the ethmoid air cells.
Gross anatomy
It articulates:
superiorly with the orbital plate of the frontal bone
inferiorly with t...
Article
Alveolar soft part sarcoma
Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare, highly vascular, deep soft tissue mesenchymal malignancy that is classically seen in the lower extremities of young adults. They account for <1% of all soft tissue sarcomas.
Epidemiology
There is a slight female predilection in patients less than 30...
Article
Spinal canal
The spinal canal, also known as the vertebral canal, is the cavity within the vertebral column that contains the thecal sac and spinal cord. The canal consists of a series of vertebral foramina (the holes at the center of the vertebra) linked with discoligamentous structures.
Gross anatomy
The...
Article
Renal tubular acidosis
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) refers to defects in the renal tubular transport of hydrogen ions, bicarbonate ions, or both, in the kidneys resulting in a normal anion gap metabolic acidosis.
Epidemiology
The exact prevalence of renal tubular acidosis is unknown but the entity is probably under...
Article
Fanconi syndrome
Fanconi syndrome describes generalized proximal renal tubule dysfunction causing impaired reabsorption of many urinary solutes.
Clinical presentation
Clinical features include poor growth, fatigue, dehydration, polyuria, muscle weakness, and bone pain. Features on a basic blood panel include ...
Article
Cognitive bias in diagnostic radiology
Cognitive biases have a complex and significant impact on the perception of examinations within diagnostic radiology, with the clear and present danger of diagnostic errors. The following are some of the more common cognitive biases that can affect day-to-day decision making 1.
Alliterative bia...
Article
Preauricular sinus
Preauricular sinuses (also known as preauricular pits or preauricular cysts) are common congenital abnormalities that are typically small blind-ended openings near the ascending limb of the helix. These can be a simple pit or have a sinus tract and/or cystic component.
Epidemiology
They are mo...
Article
Left perihepatic space
The left perihepatic space (also known as the left subhepatic space) is a potential space located between the stomach and the visceral surface of left lobe of the liver.
Gross anatomy
The left perihepatic space can be further subdivided into anterior and posterior spaces. It is a subcompartmen...
Article
Ultrasound-guided spinal anesthesia
With the growing incidence of obesity in the western world, ultrasound-guided anesthesia is becoming more common.
Spinal anesthesia is traditionally administered by identifying relevant surface anatomy and imaging is rarely used for pre-procedural identification of structures. Ultrasound-guide...
Article
Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy
Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy (VHE), also known as valproic acid-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy, is a rare type of non-cirrhotic hyperammonemic encephalopathy caused by use of sodium valproate, a drug commonly used as an antiseizure medication and mood stabilizer.
Epide...
Article
Popliteal venous aneurysm
Popliteal venous aneurysms are rare than those of the popliteal artery and are mostly asymptomatic. However, due to the disturbance of the venous blood flow, they can lead to potentially life-threatening consequences, such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).
Epidemiology
...
Article
Serpentine aneurysm
Serpentine aneurysm is a rare subtype of intracranial aneurysm with a distinct appearance. It consists of a partially thrombosed giant intracranial aneurysm (≥ 25 mm) traversed by a patent serpiginous intra-aneurysmal vascular channel. This vascular channel has an entry and an exit point, differ...
Article
Interphalangeal joint of the foot
The interphalangeal joints of the foot are the articulations between adjacent phalanges 1. Each foot has nine interphalangeal joints. The hallux has one interphalangeal joint whilst the lesser digits each have a proximal and a distal interphalangeal joint.
Gross anatomy
The joint is formed by ...
Article
Pediatric hip (abduction-internal rotation view)
The abduction-internal rotation view (AIR view), also known as the Von Rosen view, is a radiographic projection of the hip demonstrating the relationship between the femoral head and the acetabulum.
Indications
The von Rosen view is used in the diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip i...
Article
Posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF)
Posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) is a commonly performed spinal fusion procedure that can be performed at a single level or multiple adjacent levels.
Indications
See: lumbar interbody overview (overview).
Contraindications
extensive epidural fibrosis
arachnoiditis
infection 3
Proc...
Article
Fat-water swapping artifact
Fat-water swapping artifact is seen in a significant proportion of fat/water suppressed sequences using the Dixon method. The artifact follows a computational error in areas of field inhomogeneity resulting in incorrectly determining whether a voxel contains water or fat.
The images have geogra...
Article
Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF)
Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) is a spinal fusion procedure usually performed at L5/S1 or L4/5.
The anterior approach is often selected in preference to other lumbar interbody fusion approaches due to it providing a superior view of the vertebrae as well as avoiding damage to posterio...
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