Items tagged “cases”
5,509 results found
Article
Strangulating bowel obstruction
Strangulating or strangulated bowel obstruction refers to ischemia and/or infarction of an obstructed loop of bowel. It is most commonly seen in the setting of closed loop obstruction.
Epidemiology
Strangulation complicates ~15% (10-23%) of bowel obstructions 1,2,4.
Pathology
Strangulation ...
Article
Percutaneous lung tumor ablation
Percutaneous lung tumor ablation techniques are an alternative to surgery or stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for the treatment of certain malignancies. They have specific indications and contraindications, but are mostly limited to small oligonodular and favourably located lesions.
They ...
Article
Myofibroma
Myofibromas are benign neoplasms of soft tissues of myofibroblastic differentiation.
Terminology
The term "myofibroma" is used for solitary lesions and "myofibromatosis" for multicentric lesions.
Epidemiology
Myofibromas can occur at any age, but most predominantly occur in infants and youn...
Article
Non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia
Non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia is the second most common cause of acute mesenteric ischemia, with a higher incidence in hospitalized and critical care patients.
Epidemiology
Non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia accounts for ~25% (range 20-30%) of acute mesenteric ischemia. It most commonly af...
Article
Reporting and Data Systems (disambiguation)
In recent years there has been a proliferation of Reporting and Data Systems (RADS), which have been proposed - and in many cases widely adopted - as standardized systems for the reporting of imaging of various body organs, often, but certainly not always, with a focus on oncological disease 2. ...
Article
Cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma
Cystic partially differentiated nephroblastomas (CPDN) are rare pediatric cystic renal tumors. They are distinct from pediatric cystic nephromas although they have very similar imaging appearances.
Terminology
Evolving terminology regarding cystic nephromas and other cystic renal tumors reflec...
Article
Hill-Sachs remplissage procedure
The remplissage procedure is performed to treat engaging/off-track Hill-Sachs defects. Via an arthroscopic approach, the posterosuperior humeral head bone defect is filled with a capsulotendinosis of posterior capsule and infraspinatus. The open approach of the same procedure is the Connolly pro...
Article
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is a rare X-linked genetic disease caused by a deficiency of the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT).
Epidemiology
Affects 1 per 380,000 individuals, which are nearly all male given the X-linked inheritance 1.
Clinical presentation
hyperuricemia-...
Article
Robust rheumatoid arthritis
Robust rheumatoid arthritis refers to a rare variant of rheumatoid arthritis with marked subchondral cysts (geodes) and preserved bone density 1,2. Patients remain in good health usually with few - or even no - symptoms, hence the epithet "robust" 2.
Epidemiology
This entity is very rare, but ...
Article
Gastroptosis
Gastroptosis is characterized by abnormal downward displacement of the stomach. It may be part of a wider spectrum called visceroptosis.
Epidemiology
There is paucity of literature about the actual prevalence of the condition. It is more common in females.
Clinical presentation
It has nonspe...
Article
Rotating envelope x-ray tube
Rotating envelope x-ray tubes (RET), are a relatively novel type of high-performance x-ray tube developed in the early 2000s. Their two main features are the direct contact of the anode plate with the cooling oil, and rotation of the entire envelope around the axis of the anode.
In rotating en...
Article
Os peroneum syndrome
Os peroneum syndrome, also known as painful os peroneum syndrome (POPS), refers to a wide spectrum of conditions associated with an os peroneum at the lateral aspect of the foot. It can result in tenosynovitis and/or discontinuity of the fibularis longus tendon.
It can include one or more of th...
Article
Pubococcygeal line
The pubococcygeal line (PCL) is a reference line for the pelvic floor on imaging studies and helps detect and grade pelvic floor prolapse in defecography studies. It is defined as a line that connects the inferior border of the symphysis pubis (anterior margin) to the final coccygeal joint (post...
Article
Pediatric forearm (AP view)
The anteroposterior forearm view for pediatrics is one of two standard projections in the forearm series to assess the radius and ulna.
Indications
This view demonstrates the elbow joint in its natural anatomical position allowing for assessment of suspected dislocations or fractures and local...
Article
Tyrosinemia type 1
Tyrosinemia type 1 is an autosomal recessive disorder of metabolic origin. Progressive renal tubular defects and hepatocellular carcinoma are the primary manifestations.
Epidemiology
More common in Turkey, India and Europe.
Clinical presentation
Presentation is typically in the first few mon...
Article
Vaughan-Jackson syndrome
Vaughan-Jackson syndrome describes a rare syndrome of sequential atraumatic extensor tendon ruptures in the hand, usually in the setting of rheumatoid arthritis of the distal radioulnar joint.
Clinical presentation
The presentation is with reduced extension of the fingers 1-5. Typically, the f...
Article
Hepatic myelolipoma
Hepatic myelolipoma is a rare, benign fat-containing lesion of the liver, usually asymptomatic and found incidentally. Its diagnosis by imaging remains difficult because of a lack of pathognomonic signs. The definite diagnosis is by resection or biopsy.
Epidemiology
Hepatic myelolipomas are ...
Article
Central herniation
Central herniation is the subtype of downward transtentorial herniation of the brain that involves descent of the diencephalon and midbrain. It usually occurs with other types of downward herniation such as uncal herniation.
Clinical manifestations
The clinical syndrome of central herniation c...
Article
Hepatic teratoma
Hepatic teratomas are extremely rare and represent either intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal teratomas that have invaded the liver. Hepatic teratomas comprise <1% of all teratomas.
Epidemiology
These are extremely rare with only a few case reports have been described in the literature. The ma...
Article
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy related pneumonitis
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy-related pneumonitis is one of the complications that can occur in the setting of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
Epidemiology
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy-related pneumonitis is considered a rare complication with a reported incidence of <5% in m...
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