Items tagged “cases”
5,524 results found
Article
Panproctocolectomy
Panproctocolectomy is a surgery to remove the entire colon, rectum and anal canal. It is most frequently performed for ulcerative colitis, Crohn disease and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) syndrome but may also be conducted for colorectal cancer and some other malignancies. The ileostomy co...
Article
Sympathetic chain schwannoma
Sympathetic chain schwannomas or schwannomas of the cervical sympathetic chain (SCSC) are rare benign nerve sheath tumors. These longitudinally oriented tumors in the perivertebral space rely on anatomical mass effect to differentiate from the main differential masses of vagal schwannoma or spin...
Article
Brachiocephalic vein stenosis
Brachiocephalic vein stenosis refers to a narrowing of the brachiocephalic vein. It is commonly seen in chronic hemodialysis patients.
Epidemiology
A study conducted in Chinese population shows a prevalence of stenosis in hemodialysis patients was 30-50% 3.
Clinical presentation
The presenta...
Article
Peritesticular lipoma
Peritesticular lipoma is considered the most common benign tumor of the paratesticular tissues and spermatic cord (can comprising around 45% of paratesticular masses).
Clinical presentation
Often manifests as an incidentally discovered nontender scrotal mass. Can affect patients over a wide ag...
Article
Sternoclavicular joint injection (technique)
Sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) injections under image guidance ensure precise delivery of an injectate into the joint and importantly that needle depth is under direct visualization.
Indications
pain
arthropathy, e.g. osteoarthritis
diagnostic injection
Contraindications
Absolute
anaphyla...
Article
Cliff sign (hip microinstability)
The cliff sign in hip microinstability is a steep drop-off and loss of normal sphericity of the lateral femoral head.
Radiographic features
Plain radiograph
Shenton line distortion
subluxation of the femoral head
sclerosis of the femoral neck
MRI
<3 mm anterior lateral capsule
>5 mm ante...
Article
Hematoxylin and eosin stain
The combined hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain is the most widely used stain in histology and histopathology. Hematoxylin has an intense purple-blue hue and binds to nucleic acids. Eosin has a pink hue and non-specifically stains proteins. These two stains in combination are vital for distinguis...
Article
Hip microinstability
Hip microinstability is a multifactorial disorder referred to as painful, excessive mobility of the femoral head within the acetabulum 1,2. It results from impaired joint stability, secondary to functional and architectural abnormalities 1,2. AB-HEER test on clinical examination remains the mos...
Article
Renal transplant torsion
Renal transplant torsion is a very rare complication of renal transplant, occurring mostly in intraperitoneal transplants because of the increased mobility compared to extraperitoneal transplants, which are less mobile.
Clinical presentation
Non-specific clinical symptoms such as nausea, abdo...
Article
Tendon sheath fibroma
Tendon sheath fibromas are rare proliferative lesions with common imaging features of tenosynovial giant cell tumors.
Epidemiology
They are found in adults typically between the age of 20 and 50 with a 3:1 male predominance 2.
Pathology
Tendon sheath fibromas are lobulated, round-to-oval, en...
Article
Spring ligament recess
The spring ligament recess is a collection of fluid that extends from the talocalcaneonavicular joint sitting between the medioplantar oblique and inferoplantar longitudinal sections of the spring ligament complex.
Radiographic appearance
MRI
The spring ligament recess is an important featur...
Article
Functional neuroanatomy
Functional neuroanatomy is the study of the functional connections in the brain and spinal cord, distinct but interconnected with the structural or "more conventional" anatomic descriptions of the central nervous system. It focuses on the relationship between structure and function and hence it ...
Article
Branchial apparatus
The branchial (or pharyngeal) apparatus is the complex region in the developing embryo between the head and chest that develops in the fourth week and provides bilateral ridges and valleys that subsequently develop into numerous anatomic structures of the head, face, palate and anterior neck. Th...
Article
Elbow instability
Elbow instability refers to an excessive, usually painful, mobility in the elbow joint, most of the time as a result of a prior traumatic event or overuse and maybe also seen in patients with connective tissue disease 1,2.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of elbow instability can be established with cl...
Article
Lumbar spine fracture
Lumbar spine fractures are often a result of significant blunt trauma such as motor vehicle accidents or a fall from height. Non-traumatic causes include osteoporotic and pathological fractures.
Epidemiology
Traumatic fractures are more common in males. The risk of osteoporotic fractures incre...
Article
Inverted papilloma of the urinary tract
Inverted papillomas of the urinary tract are rare, benign tumors that most commonly occur at the bladder neck or trigone and are characterized by an inverted growth pattern on histology 1.
Article
Hepatic sinusoidal dilatation
Hepatic sinusoidal dilatation is a rare hepatic vascular lesion that is the result of dilatation of the hepatic capillaries.
Pathology
Hepatic sinusoidal dilatation can be caused by hepatic venous outflow obstruction (more commonly) or extrahepatic inflammatory conditions 2.
Radiographic fea...
Article
Jacobson nerve schwannoma
Jacobson nerve schwannomas are rare, benign middle ear tumors that involve the eponymous tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve. They appear as a mass on the cochlear promontory and enlargement of the inferior tympanic canaliculus 1,2.
Clinical presentation
Patients may present with hea...
Article
Popliteofibular ligament
The popliteofibular ligament (PFL) belongs to the lateral supporting structures of the knee and is one of the three primary stabilizers of the posterolateral corner 1-6.
Gross anatomy
It is a flattened, thick, and fan-shaped structure of the width of the popliteus muscle and two divisions 1. I...
Article
Sulcus angle (knee)
The sulcus angle is useful in the assessment of patellofemoral instability and trochlear dysplasia.
Measurement
The angle is formed by the trochlear opening of the knee, measuring the angle between the medial and lateral facets. Classically described in axial x-rays of the knee performed at 3...
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