Items tagged “cases”
5,517 results found
Article
Smoker's criteria
Smoker’s criteria use three quantitative measures of basilar artery morphology to diagnose dolichoectasia:
laterality
bifurcation height as a surrogate measure for tortuosity and elongation
basilar artery diameter represents the degree of dilatation
The application of Smoker’s criteria pro...
Article
Musculoskeletal arteriovenous malformations
Musculoskeletal arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are typically congenital, growing with age and may not manifest until adolescence or adulthood. Spinal AVMs are discussed separately.
Rarely they can be acquired e.g. post traumatic vascular malformation.
Clinical presentation
Patients can pr...
Article
Pyogenic granuloma
A pyogenic granuloma, also known as lobular capillary hemangioma, is a common lesion found arising from the skin and mucous membranes. Sometimes it may be difficult to differentiate them from malignancy, clinically or on imaging.
Terminology
Despite its name, a pyogenic granuloma is not a tru...
Article
Emerging medical imaging technologies
This article is a summary of emerging medical imaging technologies in development or in the early phase of clinical adoption. The methods are listed by modality.
Radiography
dark-field radiography
x-ray phase-contrast imaging
CT
dark-field CT
deep-learning reconstruction
photon counting ...
Article
Posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament
The distal posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (PITFL) is a strong ligament of the tibiofibular syndesmosis.
Gross anatomy
The posterior tibiofibular ligament is formed of multiple collagen bundles with interposed fatty tissue and courses obliquely downward from the posterior distal tibia...
Case
Normal intravenous urography
Published
17 Jun 2020
41% complete
X-ray
Article
T2* mapping - myocardium
T2* mapping is a magnetic resonance imaging technique used to calculate the T2* time of tissue and display them voxel-vice on a parametric map. It is used for myocardial tissue characterization 1-4 and has been investigated for other tissues 5,6.
Clinical applications
T2* relaxation time has b...
Article
Late gadolinium enhancement
Late gadolinium enhancement is a technique used in cardiac MRI for cardiac tissue characterization, in particular, the assessment of myocardial scar formation and regional myocardial fibrosis 1-5.
Terminology
Late gadolinium enhancement is also known under the terms ‘late enhancement’ or ‘dela...
Article
Cardiac tissue characterization
Cardiac tissue characterization is a term for an approach in cardiac imaging used for the evaluation of the myocardial tissue in respect to its inherent properties as opposed to cardiac function e.g. in cine or strain imaging.
In cardiac magnetic resonance imaging tissue characterization typica...
Article
Pterional approach (neurosurgery)
The pterional or fronto-temporo-sphenoidal approach is one of the most frequently performed neurocranial craniotomy/craniectomy approaches and allows access to numerous important supratentorial anatomical substrates of vascular and neoplastic pathology.
History
It was originally described and ...
Article
Pembrolizumab-induced sarcoid-like reaction
Pembrolizumab-induced sarcoid-like reaction is a recently (c.2019) reported phenomenon which has been associated with the use of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) inhibitor pembrolizumab. It could be mistaken for metastatic disease in some situations.
See also
drug induced lung diseas...
Article
Acetabular retroversion
Acetabular retroversion denotes an abnormal posterior angulation of the superolateral acetabular rim, resulting in excessive coverage of the femoral head and metaphysis along the anterior border 1,2.
Epidemiology
Acetabular retroversion is a common abnormality affecting 5 to 20% of the genera...
Article
Rhabdomyoma
Rhabdomyomas are rare benign mesenchymal tumors that can be classified as:
cardiac rhabdomyoma
extracardiac (non-cardiac) rhabdomyoma
adult rhabdomyoma
fetal rhabdomyoma
genital rhabdomyoma
Article
Splenic histoplasmosis
Splenic histoplasmosis can manifest with splenomegaly and splenic hypoattenuation. It is more common in immunosuppressed patients (e.g. HIV/AIDS), particularly in endemic areas (e.g. central USA) 1,2. Healed splenic histoplasmosis is one of the causes of diffuse splenic calcifications 2.
See a...
Article
Cardiac strain imaging
Strain imaging is a cardiac imaging technique that detects ventricular deformation patterns and functional abnormalities before they become obvious as regional wall motion abnormalities on conventional cine imaging or echo. It has become more popular lately due to several technological improveme...
Article
Bile plug syndrome
Bile plug syndrome, also known as inspissated bile syndrome, is an uncommon cause of jaundice in neonates. Refers to a rare extrahepatic mechanical obstruction of the major bile duct in the perinatal period caused by viscous bile (sludge) within its lumen 3.
Epidemiology
Risk factors
Risk fa...
Article
Groin pain
Groin pain is a symptom manifesting in a wide spectrum of clinical disorders and diseases in athletes and non-athletes.
The Doha agreement in 2014 identified and classified groin pain in athletes and defined the following clinical entities 1,2:
adductor-related, pubic-related, inguinal-related...
Article
Tibial torsion
Tibial torsion refers to the rotation or twist along the longitudinal axis of the lower leg or more specifically the tibia.
Usage
Internal tibial torsion is a cause of in-toeing gait a common rotational variant in toddlers, usually resolving spontaneously by the age of 5 years 1. External tibi...
Article
Stress response
Stress response or stress reaction is the early result of bone failing to withstand a repetitive, cumulative loading force.
Terminology
Stress response of bone is synonymously used with 'stress reaction' and is an early form of osseous 'stress injury', which also encompasses a stress fracture ...
Article
Palmar ulna bursa
The palmar ulna bursa is one of the bursae in the palmar surface of the hand.
Gross anatomy
The palmar ulnar bursa is usually the larger bursa and encases the majority of the flexor tendons. It typically originates at the level of the pronator quadratus muscle and continues distally to approxi...
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