Items tagged “cases”
5,517 results found
Article
Staghorn pattern of vascularity
The staghorn pattern of vascularity is a pathological term describing a pattern of vascularity seen on low-power light microscopy. It is defined by multiple thin-walled, sharply-branched and jagged vessels having an "antler-like" or "staghorn-like" appearance 1.
It is classically described with...
Article
Intermuscular lipoma
Intermuscular lipomas are lipomas located deep between muscles.
Terminology
Intermuscular lipomas are sometimes called ‘infiltrating lipomas’ since they can involve both the intramuscular and the tissue between muscles 1.
Epidemiology
Intermuscular lipomas are much less common than superfici...
Article
Intramuscular lipoma
Intramuscular lipomas are deep-seated lipomas located within a muscle.
Terminology
Intramuscular lipomas share the term ‘infiltrating lipoma’ with intermuscular lipomas.
Epidemiology
Intramuscular lipomas account for about 1% of all lipomas and occur in all age groups with the most occurring...
Article
Billowing phenomenon
Billowing phenomenon refers to the presence of contrast medium on contrast-enhanced CT outside of graft metal struts, due to the specific construction characteristic typical of the AFX® stent-graft (Endologix, Inc., USA), designed to treat abdominal aortic aneurysms. It has a unique internal sca...
Article
Chondrolabral separation
Chondrolabral separation refers to a form of chondrolabral injury, where the acetabular labrum is separated from the adjacent cartilage at the articular margin.
Terminology
Chondrolabral separation is referred to as a chondrolabral injury seen in the hip. It can also occur in the shoulder join...
Article
Ring shadow (chest)
Ring shadows on chest x-ray are classically associated with cystic bronchiectasis 1,2 but the term has also been used to describe a normal bronchus imaged end-on 3.
Article
Tuberous sclerosis (mnemonic)
The findings of tuberous sclerosis can be remembered with the help of the following mnemonic:
HAMARTOMAS
Mnemonic
H: hamartomas (CNS, retinal and skin)
A: angiofibroma (facial) or adenoma sebaceum
M: mitral regurgitation
A: ash-leaf spots
R: rhabdomyoma (cardiac)
T: tubers (cortical, sub...
Article
Sturge-Weber syndrome (mnemonic)
Some key findings pertaining to Sturge-Weber syndrome may be recalled using the following mnemonics:
STURGE CAPS
8 Cs
Mnemonics
STURGE CAPS
S: seizures, sporadic
T: tram-track gyriform calcification; trigeminal territory port-wine stain
U: unilateral weakness (hemiparesis contralateral to...
Article
Deep infrapatellar bursa
The deep infrapatellar bursa is one of many bursae surrounding the knee joint and shares the name with its superficial, subcutaneous counterpart.
Gross anatomy
It is located above the tibial tubercle immediately superior to the distal patellar tendon insertion and posterior to the lower third ...
Article
Drop metastases (mnemonic)
The primary intracerebral malignancies that may cause drop metastases to the subarachnoid space are:
glioblastoma (GBM) and anaplastic astrocytoma
medulloblastoma
sPNET
ependymoma
germinoma
choroid plexus carcinoma
pineoblastoma/pineocytoma
These can be remembered using this mnemonic:
G...
Article
Mass-forming chronic pancreatitis
Mass-forming chronic pancreatitis occurs in around 30% of cases of chronic pancreatitis, where a mass or a focal enlargement of the pancreas is usually seen on imaging. In many instances, it poses a challenge as the epidemiology and imaging appearances overlap those of pancreatic adenocarcinoma....
Article
Latissimus dorsi injury
Latissimus dorsi muscle injuries refer to muscle injuries of the latissimus dorsi muscle or tendon and have gained increasing awareness as sports injuries.
Epidemiology
The injury is fairly uncommon and mainly seen in overhead athletes, e.g. professional baseball pitchers 1.
Risk factors
ov...
Article
Cannonball metastasis (mnemonic)
Cannonball metastases refer to multiple large, well-circumscribed, round pulmonary metastases. Numerous primary tumors have been described presenting with cannonball metastases, however, some primary tumors have a predilection for this presentation.
It should be noted that it is difficult to f...
Article
Myocardial injury
Myocardial injury is defined by an elevation of cardiac troponin values above the 99th percentile upper reference limit. It is considered a prerequisite for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction but also an entity in itself and can arise from non-ischemic or non-cardiac conditions 1,2.
Termino...
Article
Subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa
The subcutaneous or superficial infrapatellar bursa is one of many bursae surrounding the knee joint and shares the name with its deep counterpart.
Gross anatomy
It is located in the subcutaneous tissue between the distal patellar tendon insertion at the tibial tuberosity and the overlying ski...
Article
Lateral ankle sprain
Lateral ankle sprains are defined as traumatic injury to the lateral ankle ligament complex due to an inversion injury or plantar flexion and adduction and are one of the most common injuries in sportive as well as recreational activities.
Epidemiology
Lateral ankle sprains are the most common...
Article
Calcaneofibular ligament injury
Calcaneofibular ligament injuries typically occur in conjunction with an anterior talofibular ligament injury within the scope of a lateral ankle sprain and are rarely found isolated. These injuries can comprise either ligament tears, avulsion fractures, or both.
Epidemiology
The calcaneofibul...
Article
Snoopy sign
The Snoopy sign is a chest radiographic appearance in pericardial agenesis. It is due to combination of cardiac levoposition (heart shifted to the left), lengthening and flattening of the border of the left ventricle, radiolucency separating the left ventricle and left hemidiaphragm, radiolucenc...
Article
Shoulder protocol (MRI)
The MRI shoulder protocol encompasses a set of different MRI sequences for the routine assessment of the shoulder joint.
Note: This article aims to frame a general concept of an MRI protocol for the assessment of the shoulder joint. Protocol specifics will vary depending on MRI scanner type, sp...
Article
Hip protocol (MRI)
The MRI hip protocol encompasses a set of different MRI sequences for the routine assessment of the single hip joint.
Note: This article aims to frame a general concept of an MRI protocol for the assessment of a single hip joint. Protocol specifics will vary depending on MRI scanner type, speci...
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